Oral mucositis in childhood cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate: Prevalence, relationship with other toxicities and methotrexate elimination.

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the main adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX).

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of OM with MTX metabolism time and other toxicities in childhood, cancer patients receiving high-dose of methotrexate (HD-MTX).

Design: Seventy-seven childhood patients receiving HD-MTX for treatment of leukaemia, osteosarcoma or lymphoma were evaluated.

Correction: Analgesic use among the Brazilian population: Results from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Correction: Analgesic use among the Brazilian population: Results from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Pedagogical training profile of basic health sciences faculty in biomedical and related fields at Brazilian public and private higher education institutions.

Historically, Brazilian higher education teachers' pedagogical training has not been a concern. Even today, a graduate degree is the main requirement to be a faculty member. However, a set of competencies is necessary to teach: pedagogical competency, political competency, and knowledge of specific content.

Analgesic use among the Brazilian population: Results from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM).

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of use of analgesics in Brazil; and to characterize this use, according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines, PNAUM) was conducted between September 2013 and February 2014. A total of 41,433 people of all ages in Brazilian urban households were interviewed.

Calcium Hypochlorite Solutions - An In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Action and Pulp Dissolution.

Objective: To compare the antimicrobial activity and tissue dissolution capacity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)) solution with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution at 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.

Experiences during the execution of emergency endodontic treatment and levels of anxiety in dental students.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the experience of dental students and assess their anxiety levels when performing emergency endodontic treatments.

Methods: Undergraduate students completed the STAI-Trait/State and a questionnaire to assess their confidence level to perform each step of an emergency endodontic procedure. They also answered a numerical scale (NRS) for anxiety before and after emergency care.

Factors associated with pain and analgesic consumption following non-surgical periodontal therapy under local anaesthesia and carried out by dental students.

Aim: Evaluate factors associated with pain and analgesic consumption following non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 218 patients with chronic periodontitis, submitted to non-surgical scaling and root planing under local anaesthesia at a public dental service in southern Brazil. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, as well as State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Numerical Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale.

Comparison of two combinations of opioid and non-opioid analgesics for acute periradicular abscess: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Acute periradicular abscess is a condition characterized by the formation and propagation of pus in the periapical tissues and generally associated with debilitating pain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the overall analgesic effectiveness of two combinations of opioid and non-opioid analgesics for acute periradicular abscess.

Material And Methods: This study included 26 patients who sought emergency care in a Brazilian dental school.

Anti-inflammatory effect of an adhesive resin containing indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules.

Objective: To analyze the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an adhesive resin containing indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules in rat model.

Design: Adhesive resin disks with or without indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules were subcutaneously implanted into right hind paw of rats. A week after surgical procedure, 2% formalin solution was intradermally injected into plantar surface of paw.

Low brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with active disease and poor prognosis in childhood acute leukemia.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B (TrkB) are involved in the maturation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow (BM), promote cell differentiation in B-cell malignancies, and are associated with poor prognosis in adults with acute leukemia (AL). However, the role of BDNF in pediatric AL remains poorly understood.

Objective: We carried out a cohort observational study to evaluate BDNF levels in BM or peripheral blood (PB) samples from children with AL.

Saliva, supragingival biofilm and root canals can harbor gene associated with resistance to lactamic agents.

This study aimed to determine the presence of Prevotella strains and genes associated with resistance to lactamics in different oral niches from patients with/without primary endodontic infections. Saliva (S) and supragingival biofilm (SB) were collected from three patient groups: Group I - no endodontic infection (n = 15); Group II - acute endodontic infection (n = 12); and Group III - chronic endodontic infection (n = 15). Root canal (RC) samples were collected from Groups II and III.

Distribution of genes related to antimicrobial resistance in different oral environments: a systematic review.

Introduction: The oral cavity is the main source of microorganisms for odontogenic infections. It is important to perform an extensive analysis regarding the reports on the presence of bacteria that carry resistance genes to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the study was to verify the reports on the distribution of genes associated with resistance to antibiotics prescribed in dentistry in different human oral sites.

Effectiveness of final irrigant protocols for debris removal from simulated canal irregularities.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine, with or without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), in debris removal from simulated canal irregularities within prepared root canals.

Methods: Ninety bovine lateral incisors were randomly divided into 3 main groups (n = 30) based on the irrigant and prepared with hand files attached to an oscillating handpiece (NSK, Tokyo, Japan) up to a size #80 K-file.

Patient automedication and professional prescription pattern in an urgency service in Brazil.

Several studies have indicated an increased resistance of microorganisms resulting from the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. However, few data are available in the dental literature. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on the patterns of patient usage of antimicrobial prescriptions agents by dentists.

Effects of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on oxidative stress in rat lungs.

Objective: To determine the effects of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on oxidative stress, as quantified by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), in rat lungs.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: acute treatment, comprising rats receiving a single injection of methylprednisolone (50 mg/kg i.p.

Periodontal disease and high doses of inhaled corticosteroids alter NTPDase activity in the blood serum of rats.

Background: Certain drugs such as glucocorticoids may interfere with the modulation of periodontal disease. In contrast, corticosteroid treatment has been associated with a protective effect with regard to periodontal breakdown, depending on the dose, pathway, and exposure time. Considering the potential relevance of nucleotidases in coordinating the cardiovascular system and inflammation processes, the aim of this study was to investigate the nucleotidase activities in the blood serum of rats with periodontal disease exposed chronically to inhaled corticosteroids.

[Prescriptions for anorectic psychotropic drugs in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

Obesity is a serious public health issue of epidemic proportions. Although drug therapy is one of the therapeutic approaches, it should be preceded by a change in eating habits along with regular exercise. This study assessed prescription of such drugs in 2009, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

[Evaluation of the impact of exposure to pesticides on the health of the rural population: Vale do Taquari, State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)].

The scope of this cross-sectional study was to assess a possible link between contact with pesticides and the prevalence of chronic disease in the rural population in the south of Brazil. Three municipalities were randomly chosen. The sample selected was recruited over three months (2005) and was composed of 298 subjects of both sexes, between 18 and 65 years of age, who frequented public or private pharmacies for the purchase of medication.

Effect of inhaled corticosteroid on TNF-α production and alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of inhaled budesonide on secretion of tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and on ligature-induced alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two animals were randomly divided in four groups. Control group (G1) did not receive any procedure.

[Drug advertisement in a medicine school in the Southern of Brazil].

This is a quali-quantitative study on drug advertisement in a Medicine school in Santa Catarina state. Participants were medicine students, faculty physicians and patients of school ambulatories, totaling 1,231 interviewees. The focal group technique was used to the qualitative research; the quantitative research with a semistructured questionnaire.

[Adherence to essential medicines in cities from three Brazilian states].

This study compared the Municipal Essential Medicines Lists (REMUME) and examined adherence by prescribers and availability of essential medicines in the health units affiliated with the Unified National Health System (SUS). Data were collected on lists and medicines prescribed to 2,411 patients enrolled consecutively in primary or secondary care services in Brazilian municipalities. Of 5,222 prescribed medicines, 76.