Phase angle: Differences between disease-related malnutrition, obesity and healthy people.

Introduction: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a tool used in clinical nutrition and pure electrical data such as phase angle (PA) has shown prognostic value. It relates resistance and reactance indicating cellular health.

Objective: To determine differences in PA between patients with obesity and disease-related malnutrition (DRM) compared to the healthy population, and to establish associations between PA and other body composition (BC) parameters.

[Review and update of the SENPE-SEDOM-SEEN consensus document on the coding of hospital malnutrition].

The concept of "disease related malnutrition" (DRM) is far from the concept of malnutrition classically diagnosed in public health, which is determined by socio-demographic factors. In 2008, the Spanish Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SENPE) and the Spanish Society of Medical Documentation (SEDOM) published a consensus defining more precisely the types of malnutrition seen in hospitals and their corresponding coding. Changes in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the evolution of clinical information have made it necessary to revise and update this consensus in order to establish new criteria to guide the recording and coding of diagnoses of malnutrition in the field of hospital care, thus facilitating the work of both clinicians and coders and improving the visibility of DRE, by adapting from the clinical diagnoses of undernutrition based on the GLIM criteria (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition) proposed by the scientific societies to the current codes proposed by ICD-10-ES.

Minerals and trace elements in pregnancy in women with previous bariatric surgery consequences on maternal and foetal health.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) may decrease the risk of these obesity-related complications; however, due to its effect on nutrient intake and absorption, it can also have adverse consequences on maternal and foetal health. The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of electrolytes and trace elements serum levels throughout pregnancy after BS, according to the surgical technique and to evaluate the effect of nutritional deficiencies on the risk of maternal-foetal complications.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of the clinical evolution and maternal-foetal complications in a group of women with pregnancies that occurred after BS.

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity according to different diagnostic methods and cut-off points in candidates for bariatric surgery.

Background And Aims: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as a combination of low strength and muscle mass along with excess adiposity. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in candidates for bariatric surgery, according to ESPEN/EASO criteria using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Methods: Retrospective study of adult patients (18-60 years) candidates for bariatric surgery (BMI ≥40 kg/m or ≥35 kg/m with associated complications).

Application of machine learning algorithms in classifying postoperative success in metabolic bariatric surgery: Acomprehensive study.

Objectives: Metabolic bariatric surgery is a critical intervention for patients living with obesity and related health issues. Accurate classification and prediction of patient outcomes are vital for optimizing treatment strategies. This study presents a novel machine learning approach to classify patients in the context of metabolic bariatric surgery, providing insights into the efficacy of different models and variable types.

ESPEN practical guideline: Nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients.

Background: Disease-related malnutrition in polymorbid medical inpatients is a highly prevalent syndrome associated with significantly increased morbidity, disability, short- and long-term mortality, impaired recovery from illness, and healthcare costs.

Aim: As there are uncertainties in applying disease-specific guidelines to patients with multiple conditions, our aim was to provide evidence-based recommendations on nutritional support for the polymorbid patient population hospitalized in medical wards.

Methods: The 2023 update adheres to the standard operating procedures for ESPEN guidelines.

Utility of abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in patients with morbid obesity.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver disease in our environment. The gold standard for diagnosis continues to be liver biopsy, although, since it is an invasive test, the most commonly used test for the initial diagnosis of steatosis is abdominal ultrasound. We present the results on the diagnostic utility of ultrasound for the detection of steatosis in the population of morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 2004 to 2019 in our centre.

Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: A modified Delphi approach.

Background & Aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based on assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation and disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by fulfillment of any combination of at least one phenotypic and at least one etiologic criterion. The original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding assessment of inflammation and this has been a factor impeding further implementation of the GLIM criteria. We now seek to provide practical guidance for assessment of inflammation in support of the etiologic criterion for inflammation.

Sex disparities in parenteral and enteral nutrition societies' leadership worldwide: a 20-year retrospective analysis.

Background: Despite advancements in the global dialog surrounding sex and gender equity, an important gap persists with women markedly underrepresented in major roles within health care leadership.

Objectives: We examined the extent of women's representation in prominent positions within parenteral and enteral nutrition (PEN) societies worldwide over a span of 2 decades.

Design: This retrospective analysis explored the sex distribution of society chairs, conference presidents, and editor-in-chief positions across 64 PEN societies between 2003 and 2022.

Micronutrients in Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Bariatric surgery is increasingly used in women of childbearing age due to the rising prevalence of obesity and the effectiveness and availability of this treatment. Pregnancy in women with previous bariatric surgery deserves special attention. Weight loss induced by surgery reduces the risks that obesity poses to pregnancy.

ESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients.

Background: Disease-related malnutrition in polymorbid medical inpatients is a highly prevalent syndrome associated with significantly increased morbidity, disability, short- and long-term mortality, impaired recovery from illness, and cost of care.

Aim: As there are uncertainties in applying disease-specific guidelines to patients with multiple conditions, our aim was to provide evidence-based recommendations on nutritional support for the polymorbid patient population hospitalized in medical wards.

Methods: This update adheres to the standard operating procedures for ESPEN guidelines.

Sarcopenic obesity research perspectives outlined by the sarcopenic obesity global leadership initiative (SOGLI) - Proceedings from the SOGLI consortium meeting in rome November 2022.

The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) to reach expert consensus on a definition and diagnostic criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). The present paper describes the proceeding of the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) meeting that was held on November 25th and 26th, 2022 in Rome, Italy. This consortium involved the participation of 50 researchers from different geographic regions and countries.

Is Food Tolerance Different After Bariatric Surgery Depending on the Surgical Procedure?

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is a very effective treatment regarding body weight loss but might affect food tolerance and energy and protein intake. The aim of this study was to compare three BS techniques (biliopancreactic diversion (BPD), gastric bypass (GB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)) and their effect on food tolerance.

Methods: Prospective study conducted between April 2016 and April 2019.

Nutritional ultrasound®: Conceptualisation, technical considerations and standardisation.

Nutritional ultrasound® is a new concept that uses ultrasound to assess body composition. It is composed of the evaluation of fat-free mass and fat mass. It is an emerging, economical, portable, non-invasive technique that evaluates the musculoskeletal area with linear, broadband, multifrequency probes, with a depth field of 20-100mm.

Analysis of psychometric questionnaires used in patient selection for bariatric surgery.

Introduction: In severe forms of obesity there is a high prevalence of psychopathological comorbidity. Psychiatric evaluation is an important component of comprehensive obesity care and contributes to optimizing therapeutic results after bariatric surgery.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of psychometric tests used in the protocol for selecting patients for bariatric surgery.

[Assessment of low muscle mass and strength in a control population].

Background and aims: low muscle mass (LMM) conditions the nutritional status of an individual and has implications for quality of life and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and determine normal values in the diagnosis of LMM in a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: a cross-sectional study of healthy volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2.

Perception of training and job perspectives among final-year residents in the specialty of Endocrinology and Nutrition.

Introduction: The medical specialisation model in Spain is carried out in the context of specialised health training, through the residency programme. The aim of the study is to analyse, by an anonymous survey, the opinion on three aspects among final-year residents in Endocrinology and Nutrition (E&N): self-assessment of the knowledge acquired, working prospects, care and training consequences arising from the pandemic COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional observational study using a voluntary and anonymous online survey, shared among final-year national interns in the last year of the E&N programme, carried out between June-July 2021.

Executive summary of the position paper on the use of enteral nutrition in advanced dementia.

Dementia is an increasingly prevalent disease in our environment, with significant health and social repercussions. Despite the available scientific evidence, there is still controversy regarding the use of enteral tube nutrition in people with advanced dementia. This document aims to reflect on the key aspects of advanced dementia, tube nutritional therapy and related ethical considerations, as well as to respond to several frequent questions that arise in our daily clinical practice.

Continuity of care in disease-related malnutrition and nutritional medical treatment.

Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) continues to be a very significant healthcare problem, both in our hospitals and in the community. It is often not properly diagnosed or treated, despite a growing body of evidence highlighting its clinical and economic consequences. The transition between clinical care in the hospital and community services (Primary Care (PC) and Nursing Homes) is a key element in the prevention, detection and treatment of DRM.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycaemia after bariatric surgery.

Postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia is a common complication of bariatric surgery. Although in general its evolution is mild and self-limited, it can lead to neuroglycopaenia and compromise the patient's safety and quality of life. The aim of this document is to offer some recommendations to facilitate the clinical care of these complex patients, reviewing the aetiopathogenesis, its diagnosis and treatment that, sequentially, will include dietary and pharmacological measures and surgery in refractory cases.

[Process of medical nutrition therapy].

Medical nutrition therapy is a very useful tool in maintaining and recovering the health of patients with disease-related malnutrition, although its implementation can be complex and is not without risks. Quality processes are understood as sets of activities that are related or interact to transform input elements into results. From the SENPE Management Work Group we present the process of medical nutrition therapy (PMNT), which aims to facilitate the management of clinical nutrition of a multidisciplinary nutrition support team in a hospital setting.

Relationship between nutritional treatment compliance and nutritional status improvements in patients with gastrointestinal impairment taking an oral peptide-based supplement.

Objectives: Compliance in outpatients with gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption is key in nutritional treatment. The objective of this study was to assess compliance in patients with GI impairment and malnutrition taking a high-calorie, high-protein, peptide-based oral nutritional supplement (ONS-PBD).

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 19 medical sites in Spain where ONS-PBD were prescribed as standard of care.