Enhanced photorespiratory and TCA pathways by elevated CO to manage ammonium nutrition in tomato leaves.

Plants grown under exclusive ammonium (NH) nutrition have high carbon (C) demand to sustain proper nitrogen (N) assimilation and energy required for plant growth, generally impaired when compared to nitrate (NO) nutrition. Thereby, the increment of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentration, in the context of climate change, will potentially allow plants to better face ammonium nutrition. In this work, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.

Selecting an optimal sorghum cultivar can improve nitrogen availability and wheat yield in crop rotation.

Background: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a cereal crop known for its biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity, a plant-mediated activity limiting nitrification pathway. The use of BNI-producing plants represents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, such as nitrate (NO ) leaching and nitrous oxide (NO) gas emissions.

Impaired cell growth under ammonium stress explained by modeling the energy cost of vacuole expansion in tomato leaves.

Ammonium (NH )-based fertilization efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of nitrogen fertilization on the environment. However, high concentrations of soil NH provoke growth inhibition, partly caused by the reduction of cell enlargement and associated with modifications of cell composition, such as an increase of sugars and a decrease in organic acids. Cell expansion depends largely on the osmotic-driven enlargement of the vacuole.

Ammonium nutrition interacts with iron homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon.

Most plant species develop stress symptoms when exposed to high ammonium (NH4+) concentrations. The root is the first organ in contact with high NH4+ and therefore the first barrier to cope with ammonium stress. In this work, we focused on root adaptation to ammonium nutrition in the model plant Brachypodium distachyon.

A Multi-Species Analysis Defines Anaplerotic Enzymes and Amides as Metabolic Markers for Ammonium Nutrition.

Nitrate and ammonium are the main nitrogen sources in agricultural soils. In the last decade, ammonium (NH ), a double-sided metabolite, has attracted considerable attention by researchers. Its ubiquitous presence in plant metabolism and its metabolic energy economy for being assimilated contrast with its toxicity when present in high amounts in the external medium.

Ammonium supply induces differential metabolic adaptive responses in tomato according to leaf phenological stage.

Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main inorganic nitrogen sources available to plants. However, exclusive ammonium nutrition may lead to stress characterized by growth inhibition, generally associated with a profound metabolic reprogramming. In this work, we investigated how metabolism adapts according to leaf position in the vertical axis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv.

Differential Regulation of Stomatal Conductance as a Strategy to Cope With Ammonium Fertilizer Under Ambient Versus Elevated CO.

While nitrogen (N) derived from ammonium would be energetically less expensive than nitrate-derived N, the use of ammonium-based fertilizer is limited by the potential for toxicity symptoms. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that exposure to elevated CO favors ammonium assimilation in plants. However, little is known about the impact of different forms of N fertilizer on stomatal opening and their consequent effects on CO and HO diffusion in wheat plants exposed to ambient and elevated CO.

Providing carbon skeletons to sustain amide synthesis in roots underlines the suitability of for the study of ammonium stress in cereals.

Plants mainly acquire N from the soil in the form of nitrate (NO ) or ammonium (NH ). Ammonium-based nutrition is gaining interest because it helps to avoid the environmental pollution associated with nitrate fertilization. However, in general, plants prefer NO and indeed, when growing only with NH they can encounter so-called ammonium stress.

New Insights on Root Adaption to Ammonium Nutrition by the Use of a Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant nutrition. Nitrate and ammonium are the two major inorganic nitrogen forms available for plant growth. Plant preference for one or the other form depends on the interplay between plant genetic background and environmental variables.

N Natural Abundance Evidences a Better Use of N Sources by Late Nitrogen Application in Bread Wheat.

This work explores whether the natural abundance of N isotopes technique could be used to understand the movement of N within the plant during vegetative and grain filling phases in wheat crop ( L.) under different fertilizer management strategies. We focus on the effect of splitting the same N dose through a third late amendment at flag leaf stage (GS37) under humid Mediterranean conditions, where high spring precipitations can guarantee the incorporation of the lately applied N to the soil-plant system in an efficient way.

Elevated CO2 Induces Root Defensive Mechanisms in Tomato Plants When Dealing with Ammonium Toxicity.

An adequate carbon supply is fundamental for plants to thrive under ammonium stress. In this work, we studied the mechanisms involved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) response to ammonium toxicity when grown under ambient or elevated CO2 conditions (400 or 800 p.

CO2 enrichment modulates ammonium nutrition in tomato adjusting carbon and nitrogen metabolism to stomatal conductance.

Ammonium (NH4(+)) toxicity typically occurs in plants exposed to high environmental NH4(+) concentration. NH4(+) assimilating capacity may act as a biochemical mechanism avoiding its toxic accumulation but requires a fine tuning between nitrogen assimilating enzymes and carbon anaplerotic routes. In this work, we hypothesized that extra C supply, exposing tomato plants cv.

Exploring ammonium tolerance in a large panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions.

Plants are dependent on exogenous nitrogen (N) supply. Ammonium (NH₄(+)), together with nitrate (NO₃(-)), is one of the main nitrogenous compounds available in the soil. Paradoxically, although NH4 (+) assimilation requires less energy than that of NO₃(-), many plants display toxicity symptoms when grown with NH₄(+) as the sole N source.

Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-malic enzymes activity increase the ammonium-assimilating capacity in tomato.

Plant ammonium tolerance has been associated with the capacity to accumulate large amounts of ammonium in the root vacuoles, to maintain carbohydrate synthesis and especially with the capacity of maintaining high levels of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the roots. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is considered a cornerstone in nitrogen metabolism, since it provides carbon skeletons for nitrogen assimilation. The hypothesis of this work was that the induction of anaplerotic routes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (NAD-ME) would enhance tolerance to ammonium nutrition.

High irradiance improves ammonium tolerance in wheat plants by increasing N assimilation.

Ammonium is a paradoxical nutrient ion. Despite being a common intermediate in plant metabolism whose oxidation state eliminates the need for its reduction in the plant cell, as occurs with nitrate, it can also result in toxicity symptoms. Several authors have reported that carbon enrichment in the root zone enhances the synthesis of carbon skeletons and, accordingly, increases the capacity for ammonium assimilation.

Depletion of the heaviest stable N isotope is associated with NH4+/NH3 toxicity in NH4+-fed plants.

Background: In plants, nitrate (NO3-) nutrition gives rise to a natural N isotopic signature (δ15N), which correlates with the δ15N of the N source. However, little is known about the relationship between the δ15N of the N source and the 14N/15N fractionation in plants under ammonium (NH4+) nutrition. When NH4+ is the major N source, the two forms, NH4+ and NH3, are present in the nutrient solution.