Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with progressive intrahepatic familial cholestasis type 2: a case report.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is an autosomal recessive disorder typically presenting in infancy with cholestasis and rapidly progressing to cirrhosis. PFIC has been associated with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a neoplasm that is uncommon in children. PFIC type 4 has the strongest link to this type of cancer, although a few cases have also been connected to PFIC2.

Endoscopic transmural resection as an alternative to colorectal surgery after high-risk (non-curative) endoscopic resection.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) is an emerging technique that enables effective and safe management of complex colorectal lesions. The full-thickness resection device (FTRD®, Ovesco, Germany) has primarily been used for non-exposed transmural resection of challenging subepithelial or epithelial lesions, where conventional methods may be limited. This technique represents an alternative to surgery in selected patients, and its applications are rapidly expanding.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma metastasis to a Meckel's diverticulum adenocarcinoma.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumour with a high local and distant metastasis rate and limited response to chemotherapy. Meckel's diverticulum is the most frequent congenital anomaly, and it is associated with a considerable risk of malignant transformation. In this case report, we describe a 50-year-old female patient with a history of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the lower limb and metastasis to the forearm who went to the emergency department with abdominal pain.

Innate Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Contribution to a Comprehensive Therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer, and liver metastasis is the most common site of metastatic development. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), various innate immune cells are known to influence cancer progression and metastasis occurrence. CD274 (PD-L1) and CD206 (MRC1) are proteins that have been associated with poor prognosis and disease progression.

Hepatic Progenitor Cells in the Form of Ductular Structures within a GIST Liver Metastasis: Supporting a Putative Role in the Hepatic Metastatic Niche.

Introduction: Recent studies have highlighted the presence of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in metastatic liver carcinomas. We provide further evidence of this phenomenon, presenting a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) liver metastasis with evidence of intra- and peritumoral HPC.

Case Description: A 64-year-old man presented with a gastric mass diagnosed as a high-risk KIT-mutated GIST.

An Immunohistochemical Study of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: The Role of CD44 and AKT in the Prognosis.

Breast cancer is a major health burden, and up to one-third of patients with breast cancer develop brain metastases, which are linked to a very poor prognosis. Few biomarkers are available to predict the prognosis of patients with metastases. Assessment by immunohistochemistry may be used as a tool to predict the behavior of these tumors.

Tumor Stroma Area and Other Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Submitted to Surgery.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dense stroma, responsible for up to 80% of its volume. The amount of stroma can be associated with prognosis, although there are discrepancies regarding its concrete impact. The aim of this work was to study prognostic factors for PDAC patients submitted to surgery, including the prognostic impact of the tumor stroma area (TSA).

Extensive Phenotypic Characterization of T Cells Infiltrating Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Potential Role in Precision Medicine.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with liver metastasis being its main cause of death. This study harvested fresh biological material from non-tumor and tumor tissue from 47 patients with CRC liver metastasis after surgery, followed by mechanical cellular extraction and stain-lyse-wash direct immunofluorescence technique. Here, 60 different T-cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry.

Case report: NAFLD and maple syrup urine disease: Is there an interplay between branched-chain amino acids and fructose consumption?

Background: The worldwide increase in pediatric overweight and obesity, in parallel with the global increase in the consumption of sucrose and fructose, is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a metabolic feature related to obesity and an early risk factor for insulin resistance and NAFLD. However, few studies have assessed metabolic risk factors and nutritional status in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) patients under restricted BCAA and high carbohydrate diets.

HIF-1alpha-pathway activation in cholangiocytes of patients with biliary atresia: An immunohistochemical/molecular exploratory study.

Background: Biliary atresia is a neonatal disease characterized by choledochal obstruction and progressive cholangiopathy requiring liver transplantation in most patients. Hypoxia-ischemia affecting the biliary epithelium may lead to biliary obstruction. We hypothesized that ischemic cholangiopathy involving disruption of the peribiliary vascular plexus could act as a triggering event in biliary atresia pathogenesis.

Clinicopathological prognostic factors for gallbladder carcinoma: a retrospective study.

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is an uncommon neoplasm with poor long-term survival. Worldwide the incidence rates vary according to geographic area. The multifactorial aetiology and the rarity of the disease limits the studies to improve outcomes in patients, since the treatment remains mostly surgical.

Iron pill-induced gastritis: an unrecognized side effect of iron-deficiency anemia.

Iron-deficiency anemia is a prevalent condition usually treated with iron supplementation. Iron pill-induced gastritis is an under-recognized, albeit serious potential complication of iron pill ingestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This entity must be identified by healthcare providers who prescribe iron.

Histological scores and tumor size on stage II in adrenocortical carcinomas.

Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. Histological scores are advised for the diagnosis, however, there are borderline cases that may be misjudged as adrenocortical adenomas (ACA). The three main scores used are: Weiss Modified System (WMS), Reticulin Algorithm (RA), and Helsinki Score (HS).

Concomitant Nitrofurantoin-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis and Interstitial Lung Disease.

Antibiotics are known to cause adverse reactions, but multiple organ involvement associated with nonspecific symptoms can lead to a delay in diagnosis. A definitive correlation between each toxin and its effects is difficult to establish due to concomitant potential toxins in the circulation. This article highlights an uncommon case of concomitant nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune hepatitis and lung fibrosis that fulfills the definitive clinical criteria for diagnosis, presenting histological, imagiological, and immunological evidence of nitrofurantoin-induced toxicity.

Prognostic Factors After Hepatectomy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma Liver Metastases: Desmoplastic Growth Pattern as the Key to Improved Overall Survival.

Purpose: Hepatectomy (Hp) is an alternative approach for the treatment of gastric carcinoma liver metastases (GCLM). However, prognostic factors that may assist patient selection are still controversial. Several pathologic features, such as the growth pattern (GP), associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer liver metastases, were never investigated in GCLM.

Hepatic Myxoid Leiomyoma: A Very Rare Tumor.

Introduction: Mesenchymal tumors of the liver are rare, and in this group, myxoid leiomyomas are even rarer. So far, only 2 cases have been reported in the literature.

Case Presentation: We aim to report the case of a 16-year-old female with a large lesion on the right hepatic lobe, grossly composed of gelatinous and heterogeneous tissue.

Predicting liver metastases growth patterns: Current status and future possibilities.

Colorectal cancer is highly incident worldwide and presents a health burden with elevated mortality rate despite prevention, detection, and treatment, mainly due to metastatic liver disease. Histological growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases have emerged as a reproducible prognostic factor, with biological implications and therapeutic windows. Nonetheless, the histological growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases are only known after pathological examination of a liver resection specimen, thus limiting the possibilities of pre-surgical decision.

Morphophenotypic Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: the Biliary/Stem Cell Subgroup and Worst Outcome-Implications on Patient Selection.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related death. Current clinical/pathological criteria contribute to risk stratification, but are far from the desired on individualized medicine. Recently, HCC classifications have been published based on immunohistochemical and morphological features.

Primary biliary adenosarcoma of the liver-a special and new entity.

Primary sarcoma of the liver (PSL) is a rare entity accounting for less than 1% of all liver cancers, with unknown aetiology. Several subtypes have been recognized, with histology playing an essential role in patient tailoring and management. We are about to report a case of an unusual PSL, with peculiar morphologic and immunohistochemical properties.

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Intracystic Papillary Neoplasm: A Rare Association in the Gallbladder.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is a very rare neoplasia comprising only 0.2% of all the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. We present the case of an 85-year-old male with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, progressive weight loss, and deterioration in the preceding 15 days.

Liver Metastases and Histological Growth Patterns: Biological Behavior and Potential Clinical Implications-Another Path to Individualized Medicine?

Colorectal cancer is a major health burden and despite the recent advances in healthcare and screening programs, a great percentage of patients already present metastases once their disease is found. In those cases, liver surgery has an essential role, but even with neoadjuvant chemotherapy there is a high rate of intrahepatic recurrence. New prognostic factors are needed in order to decide the best surgical approach considering the biological behavior of the tumors in order to tailor the used therapies, moving towards individualized medicine/treatment.

Molecular Staging of Patients with Colon Cancer. The C-Closer-II Study: A Multicentre Study in Portugal.

Introduction: Approximately 20% - 30% of histological lymph node-negative patients with colorectal cancer relapse at five years after surgical treatment. This recurrence is likely due to occult nodal disease undetected by standard histopathological practice which has implications in terms of the clinical management of patients.

Material And Methods: Lymph nodes were collected from colectomy specimens.

Lipoic Acid Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Goto Kakizaki Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Activation.

Prevention of hepatic fat accumulation may be an important approach for liver diseases due to the increased relevance of hepatic steatosis in this field. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular function, and oxidative stress in a model of type 2 diabetes fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into four groups.