Renal abnormalities in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of renal abnormalities and the evolution of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected children and adolescents followed up in an infectious disease outpatient pediatric clinic.

Methods: We performed a cohort study of 115 children and adolescents. Outcomes of two evaluations for urinalysis, microalbuminuria/urinary creatinine ratio, urinary retinol-binding protein (uRBP) concentration, and estimated GFR (eGFR) were obtained for each patient, with an average interval of 6 months between evaluations.

[Primary vesicoureteral reflux: conservative therapy or surgical intervention].

Introduction: The relationship between urinary tract infections and primary vesicoureteral reflux may lead to permanent renal damage. In the literature an increasing number of spontaneous cure of vesicoureteral reflux in children and the significant decrease in surgical therapy has been observed.

Objective: To study the evolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux associated with recurring urinary tract infections settings in patients of the Pediatric Nephrology department of our institution, evaluating cases in which cure was achieved through conservative therapy only and those in which surgical intervention was required.