Incidence of venous thromboembolism and adequacy of thromboprophylaxis in 2380 acutely-ill hospitalized patients: Results from the PROFMiG cohort study.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of preventable deaths. Incidence of VTE and adequacy of thromboprophylaxis have rarely been reported in low-resourced countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of VTE and to evaluate the adequacy of thromboprophylaxis in acutely-ill medical hospitalized patients.

The role of inter-regional flows in the spread of epidemics in a city of regional influence with a tropical climate.

The aim of this research was to investigate the origin of imported cases of dengue in the city of Araraquara, Brazil and to describe the disease's main epidemiological characteristics. The study encompassed all confirmed cases of dengue recorded in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) [Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação] from 1998 to 2013. Cases whose origin of infection was likely located outside Araraquara were considered imported.

Treatment with Standard and Low Dose of Conjugated Equine Estrogen Differentially Modulates Estrogen Receptor Expression and Response to Angiotensin II in Mesenteric Venular Bed of Surgically Postmenopausal Hypertensive Rats.

Standard hormone therapy for menopausal women [conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg] has been associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Regimens containing a lower CEE dose (0.

Association of neighbourhood food availability with the consumption of processed and ultra-processed food products by children in a city of Brazil: a multilevel analysis.

Objective: To investigate the association between neighbourhood food availability and the consumption of ready-to-consume products (RCP), either processed or ultra-processed, and unprocessed/minimally processed foods (UF-MPF) by children.

Design: Cross-sectional. 24 h Dietary recalls were collected from children from January 2010 to June 2011.

How Can Urban Policies Improve Air Quality and Help Mitigate Global Climate Change: a Systematic Mapping Review.

Tackling climate change at the global level is central to a growing field of scientific research on topics such as environmental health, disease burden, and its resulting economic impacts. At the local level, cities constitute an important hub of atmospheric pollution due to the large amount of pollutants that they emit. As the world population shifts to urban centers, cities will increasingly concentrate more exposed populations.

Association of testosterone with estrogen abolishes the beneficial effects of estrogen treatment by increasing ROS generation in aorta endothelial cells.

Testosterone has been added to hormone replacement therapy to treat sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Whereas estrogen has been associated with vascular protection, the vascular effects of testosterone are contradictory and the effects of its association with estrogen are largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of testosterone associated with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) on vascular function using a model of hypertensive postmenopausal female: ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Geospatial analysis applied to epidemiological studies of dengue: a systematic review.

A systematic review of the geospatial analysis methods used in the dengue fever studies published between January 2001 and March 2011 was undertaken. In accordance with specific selection criteria thirty-five studies were selected for inclusion in the review. The aim was to assess the types of spatial methods that have been used to analyze dengue transmission.

Availability of processed foods in the perimeter of public schools in urban areas.

Objectives: To assess the availability of food in relation to their degree of industrial processing and the types of food stores in the perimeters of elementary schools.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. 82 food stores located within a 500 m radius buffer of three public schools located in three distinct regions with different socioeconomic levels in the municipality of Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were assessed.

Factors associated with overweight in children living in the neighbourhoods of an urban area of Brazil.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the individual and family determinants of being overweight among children younger than 10 years of age.

Design: Cross-sectional survey. Direct data on children's age, food intake, physical activity, type of transportation used and anthropometric measurements, as well as the education level of the mothers, were collected by trained interviewers.

Metformin reduces the stimulatory effect of obesity on in vivo Walker-256 tumor development and increases the area of tumor necrosis.

Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of obesity and insulin resistance on tumor development and, in turn, the effect of insulin sensitizing agents.

Main Methods: Male offspring of Wistar rats received monosodium glutamate (400mg/kg) (obese) or saline (control) from the second to sixth day after birth. Sixteen-week-old control and obese rats received 5×10(5) Walker-256 tumor cells, subcutaneously injected into the right flank.

Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in minimally processed leafy vegetables using a combined method based on enrichment and 16S rRNA real-time PCR.

Modern lifestyle markedly changed eating habits worldwide, with an increasing demand for ready-to-eat foods, such as minimally processed fruits and leafy greens. Packaging and storage conditions of those products may favor the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria, including the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In this work, minimally processed leafy vegetables samples (n = 162) from retail market from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, were tested for the presence or absence of Listeria spp.

Effects of different peep levels on mesenteric leukocyte-endothelial interactions in rats during mechanical ventilation.

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves oxygenation and treats acute pulmonary failure. However, increased intrathoracic pressure may cause regional blood flow alterations that may contribute to mesenteric ischemia and gastrointestinal failure. We investigated the effects of different PEEP levels on mesenteric leukocyte-endothelial interactions.

Amlodipine reduces the antimigratory effect of diclofenac in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Amlodipine, an antihypertensive drug, and diclofenac, an antiinflammatory drug, may generally be combined, particularly in elderly patients; therefore, the potential for their interaction is high. We aim to determine if amlodipine interferes with the antimigratory effect of diclofenac. For this, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with either diclofenac (1 mg.

Decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation in diabetic female rats: role of prostanoids.

Overproduction of vasoconstrictor prostanoids and reduced prostacyclin levels have been related to the male diabetic-linked vascular dysfunction. However, it is not clear yet if these changes also occur in diabetic females. The aim of this study was to verify the role of prostanoids in the vascular dysfunction of diabetic female rats.

Differential effects of chloral hydrate- and ketamine/xylazine-induced anesthesia by the s.c. route.

The proper use of anesthetics in animal experimentation has been intensively studied. In this study we compared the use of chloral hydrate (500 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (167 mg kg(-1)) combined with xylazine (33 mg kg(-1)) by the s.c.

Vitamins C and E improve endothelial dysfunction in intrauterine-undernourished rats by decreasing vascular superoxide anion concentration.

Epidemiological studies suggest that intrauterine undernutrition plays an important role in the development of arterial hypertension in adulthood. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) have antioxidant properties that could improve redox-sensitive vascular changes associated with hypertension. The authors determined whether vitamins C and E treatments ameliorate the hypertension and vascular function in male rats submitted to intrauterine undernutrition.

Ascorbic acid supplementation restores defective leukocyte-endothelial interaction in alloxan-diabetic rats.

Background: Defective leukocyte-endothelial interactions are observed in experimental diabetes and may reduce the capacity to mount an adequate inflammatory response. The present study investigated the effect of ascorbic acid, an inhibitor of free radical and glycated protein formation as well as an aldose reductase inhibitor, on leukocyte-endothelial interaction in alloxan-diabetic rats.

Methods: Rats were rendered diabetic by alloxan injection (40 mg/kg; iv).