Increased Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Bacteria in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During 2020-2021, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean reported clinical emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales that had not been previously characterized locally, increased prevalence of carbapenemases that had previously been detected, and co-production of multiple carbapenemases in some isolates. These increases were likely fueled by changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including empirical antibiotic use for potential COVID-19-related bacterial infections and healthcare limitations resulting from the rapid rise in COVID-19 cases. Strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance, epidemiologic research, and infection prevention and control programs and antimicrobial stewardship in clinical settings can help prevent emergence and transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

First Report of a Multidrug-Resistant ST58 Harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase of the CTX-M-1 Class in a Fecal Sample of a Captive Baird's Tapir () in Costa Rica, Central America.

This study's main objective was to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates obtained from a fecal sample of a captive Baird's tapir () in Costa Rica. The fecal sample was collected inside the enclosure on March 3, 2017, right after the animal defecated. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar plates nonsupplemented and supplemented with 2 μg/mL of cefotaxime.

Multidrug-Resistant CTX-M and CMY-2 Producing Isolated from Healthy Household Dogs from the Great Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant of healthy household dogs with an emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC-type β-lactamases and resistance to quinolones. Rectal swabs were collected from 74 dogs without any clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar plates and MacConkey supplemented with 2 μg/mL cefotaxime or 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin.

[Latin American consensus to define, categorize, and report multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, or pandrug-resistant pathogensConsenso latino-americano para definição, categorização e notificação de patógenos multirresistentes, com resistência ampliada ou panresistentes].

This document presents a Latin American consensus to standardize definitions of different levels of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of public health importance. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described for antibiotics to include (availability, relevance, and existence of cut-off values) and for methodologies to use. Three gram-negative microorganisms with a great impact in the hospital environment (, and spp.

Phosphate flow in the chemotactic response system of Helicobacter pylori.

It is well established that motility is an essential virulence trait of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Accordingly, chemotaxis contributes to the ability of H. pylori to colonize animal infection models.

Protein-protein interaction of HP137 with histidine kinase HP244 does not contribute to flagellar regulation in Helicobacter pylori.

Flagellar motility is essential for the ability of Helicobacter pylori to colonize the gastric mucosa. Expression of the flagella is controlled by a complex regulatory cascade involving the two-component system FlgR-HP244, the sigma factors sigma54 and sigma28 and the anti-sigma28 factor FlgM. The protein-protein interaction map of H.