Prevalence of Diamine Oxidase Enzyme (DAO) Deficiency in Subjects with Insomnia-Related Symptoms.

: To assess the prevalence of diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme deficiency caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene in a sample of patients with symptoms of insomnia. : A total of 167 adult patients (>18 years of age) with symptoms of insomnia attended a specialized institute for healthy sleep, in Barcelona (Spain), between May and November 2023, and underwent genotyping analysis of the four most relevant SNP variants, including c.691G>7 (rs2052129), c.

Smoking and obesity among long-haul truck drivers in France.

Introduction: This study examines the health status of long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) and more specifically smoking and obesity, in France.

Methods: A total of 373 French and other LHTDs were randomly interviewed at six highway rest stops. Variables recorded were self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and nationality), behavioral variables (consumption of sodas, daily exercise, smoking status), weight and height.

Sleep disorders in aging polio survivors: A systematic review.

Background: Sleep disturbances, especially sleep disordered breathing and sleep movement disorders, seem to be highly prevalent among aging polio survivors. They could contribute to late functional deterioration, fatigue, poor quality of life and negative health outcomes, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk.

Objectives: This review focused on current knowledge of the prevalence of sleep disorders in polio survivors, their features, predictive factors and management.

Blue-Enriched White Light Therapy Reduces Fatigue in Survivors of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Fatigue is one of the disabling sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with repercussions on quality of life, rehabilitation, and professional reintegration. Research is needed on effective interventions. We evaluated efficacy of blue-enriched white light (BWL) therapy on fatigue of patients with severe TBI.

Effect of Smoked Cannabis on Vigilance and Accident Risk Using Simulated Driving in Occasional and Chronic Users and the Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship.

Background: The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship between whole blood δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and driving risk is poorly understood.

Methods: Fifteen chronic cannabis consumers (1-2 joints/day; CC) and 15 occasional cannabis consumers (1-2 joints/week; OC) of 18 to 34 years of age were included. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted with 12 blood samplings over a 24-h period before and after controlled random inhalation of placebo or 10 mg or 30 mg of THC.

Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in the Blind.

Purpose Of Review: Sleep timing, quantity, and quality are controlled by homeostatic and circadian systems. Circadian clock systems are present in all cells and organs and their timing is determined by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop of circadian genes. Individual cellular clocks are synchronized by the central body clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which communicates with them through humoral and neural signals including melatonin.

Flow and airway pressure analysis for detecting ineffective effort during mechanical ventilation in neuromuscular patients.

Ineffective efforts (IEs) are among the most common types of patient-ventilator asynchrony. The objective of this study is to validate IE detection during expiration using pressure and flow signals, with respiratory effort detection by esophageal pressure (Pes) measurement as the reference, in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We included 10 patients diagnosed with chronic respiratory failure related to NMD.

Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder in the Totally Blind: Diagnosis and Management.

Several aspects of human physiology and behavior are dominated by 24-h circadian rhythms with key impacts on health and well-being. These include mainly the sleep-wake cycle, vigilance and performance patterns, and some hormone secretions. The rhythms are generated spontaneously by an internal "pacemaker," the suprachiasmatic nuclei within the anterior hypothalamus.

Spasticity or periodic limb movements?

Background: Spasticity and spasms are distressing features of the upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) following spinal cord injuries (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS), and have common therapeutic implications. Despite an increase of antispastic drugs and strategies, sometimes up to the surgical implant of intrathecal baclofen pump, some patients still complain of disabling spasms, which poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although clinically similar, flexor spasms due to pyramidal tract disruption must be clearly differentiated from periodic limb movements (PLM), often accompanying restless leg syndrome (RLS) and occurring during sleep.

Prognostic value of nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular patients.

In neuromuscular disease (NMD) patients, current guidelines recommend the initiation of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) in case of daytime hypercapnia or nocturnal desaturation as an indirect sign of hypoventilation. Transcutaneous capno-oximetry (TcCO) enables the direct assessment of nocturnal hypercapnia; however the best cut-off value remains to be defined. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of several published definitions of nocturnal hypercapnia in a cohort of NMD patients.

Utility of the bispectral index for assessing natural physiological sleep stages in children and young adults.

Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for the analysis of sleep architecture but is not always available in routine practice, as it is time consuming and cumbersome for patients. Bispectral index (BIS), developed to quantify the deepness of general anesthesia, may be used as a simplified tool to evaluate natural sleep depth. We objectively recorded sleep architecture in young patients using the latest BIS Vista monitor and correlated BIS values with PSG sleep stages in order to determine BIS thresholds.

Prognostic Value of Initial Assessment of Residual Hypoventilation Using Nocturnal Capnography in Mechanically Ventilated Neuromuscular Patients: A 5-Year Follow-up Study.

Background: Restrictive respiratory failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is used to treat hypoventilation, and its efficiency is mostly assessed by daytime blood gases or nocturnal oxygen saturation monitoring (SpO2). Non-invasive transcutaneous measure of CO2 (TcCO2) allows to directly assess nocturnal hypercapnia and to detect residual hypoventilation with a higher sensitivity than SpO2.

Safety profile of tasimelteon, a melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist: pooled safety analyses from six clinical studies.

Introduction: Tasimelteon, a novel circadian regulator, is the first product for the treatment of Non-24-hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (Non-24) approved by either the FDA or the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Tasimelteon is a potent and specific melatonin (MT1 and MT2) receptor agonist with 2 - 4 times greater affinity for the MT2 receptor.

Methods: Safety was assessed in two controlled and two open-label studies in blind individuals with Non-24 and in two controlled studies of primary insomnia.

Nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular disease: prevalence according to different definitions issued from the literature.

Purpose: Restrictive respiratory failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is used to treat hypoventilation, identified by daytime hypercapnia or nocturnal desaturation. Recently, transcutaneous measure of CO2 (TcCO2) has been increasingly used to detect hypoventilation, using different cut-offs.

Sleep disorders, sleepiness, and near-miss accidents among long-distance highway drivers in the summertime.

Objective: We aimed to investigate sleepiness, sleep hygiene, sleep disorders, and driving risk among highway drivers.

Methods: We collected data using cross-sectional surveys, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire, Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ), and a travel questionnaire; we also obtained sleep data from the past 24 h and information on usual sleep schedules. Police officers invited automobile drivers to participate.

The melatonergic system in mood and anxiety disorders and the role of agomelatine: implications for clinical practice.

Melatonin exerts its actions through membrane MT1/MT2 melatonin receptors, which belong to the super family of G-protein-coupled receptors consisting of the typical seven transmembrane domains. MT1 and MT2 receptors are expressed in various tissues of the body either as single ones or together. A growing literature suggests that the melatonergic system may be involved in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders.

A pooled analysis of six month comparative efficacy and tolerability in four randomized clinical trials: agomelatine versus escitalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline.

Objective: A pooled-analysis on the long-term outcome in four head-to-head studies: agomelatine versus fluoxetine, sertraline, and (twice) escitalopram. Method A meta-analytic approach was used. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores, response and remission rates, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scores, response and remission rates, and completion rates/discontinuation rates due to adverse events were analyzed.

Antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine versus SSRI/SNRI: results from a pooled analysis of head-to-head studies without a placebo control.

Pooled analysis of individual patient data was used to compare the antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine with that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). We sought head-to-head, double-blind, randomized studies without a placebo arm using antidepressant doses in the licensed range and primary evaluation on the Hamilton scale (HAM-D(17)). Six studies were identified versus venlafaxine, sertraline, fluoxetine, paroxetine or escitalopram.

Efficiency of invasive mechanical ventilation during sleep in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Objective: Inspiratory unintentional leaks (IULs) during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) adversely affect the sleep and the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation (MV). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of nocturnal IULs in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with a tracheostomy and uncuffed tube comparatively with NIV patients.

Methods: Polysomnography with transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO(2)) recording and blood gas measurement was performed in 26 stable tracheostomized DMD patients using home MV, among whom 11 were matched with NIV patients.

Nocturnal oximetry and transcutaneous carbon dioxide in home-ventilated neuromuscular patients.

Background: Pulse oximetry alone has been suggested to determine which patients on home mechanical ventilation (MV) require further investigation of nocturnal gas exchange. In patients with neuromuscular diseases, alveolar hypoventilation (AH) is rarely accompanied with ventilation-perfusion ratio heterogeneity, and, therefore, oximetry may be less sensitive for detecting AH than in patients with lung disease.

Objective: To determine whether pulse oximetry (S(pO(2))) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (P(tcCO(2))) during the same night were interchangeable or complementary for assessing home MV efficiency in patients with neuromuscular diseases.

Pilot study assessing the impact of intrathecal baclofen administration mode on sleep-related respiratory parameters.

Objective: To assess the impact of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) mode of administration on sleep and sleep-related breathing events in severely disabled patients with severe spasticity.

Design: Open prospective trial.

Setting: Physical medicine and rehabilitation department.

Sodium oxybate and sleep apnea: a clinical case.

Sodium oxybate (GHB, Xyrem, Jazz Pharmaceuticals) is used to treat cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. We report the case of a middle aged, normo-ponderal narcoleptic woman without risk factors who developed reversible sleep apnea and objective sleepiness when treated by sodium oxybate, with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 19.7 on sodium oxybate and AHI 4.

Comparison of agomelatine and escitalopram on nighttime sleep and daytime condition and efficacy in major depressive disorder patients.

Agomelatine, an MT1/MT2 receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist antidepressant, is known to have beneficial effects on subjective sleep in major depressive disorder patients. This international multicenter, randomized, double-blind study compared the effects of agomelatine (25-50 mg/day) and escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) on sleep polysomnographic parameters in major depressive disorder patients treated up to 24 weeks. A total of 138 outpatients were randomly allocated to agomelatine (n=71) or escitalopram (n=67).

Is snoring intensity responsible for the sleep partner's poor quality of sleep?

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if the intensity of breathing noise (including snoring) and/or the presence of abnormal breathing events (ABE) are factors that trigger arousal/awakening of a snorer's bed partner.

Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter study investigating couples where the male had a chronic disturbing snoring. We simultaneously recorded the male's respiration and snoring and the female' sleep.