Fluid Balance and Carbohydrate Intake of Elite Female Soccer Players during Training and Competition.

This study examined sweat rate, sweat sodium concentration [Na], and ad-libitum carbohydrate and fluid intakes in elite female soccer players during training ( = 19) and a match ( = 8); eight completed both for comparisons. Body mass (kg) was obtained before and after exercise to calculate sweat rate. The sweat [Na] was determined from absorbent patches on the thigh or back.

Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes.

Weak evidence exists on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Many researchers claim that this could be in part because of inadequate validation of the questionnaires used. The aim of this study was to develop a compact reliable questionnaire on nutrition knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA).