Virus as Teratogenic Agents.

Viral infectious diseases are important causes of reproductive disorders, as abortion, fetal mummification, embryonic mortality, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities in animals and in humans. In this chapter, we provide an overview of some virus, as important agents in teratology.We begin by describing the Zika virus, whose infection in humans had a very significant impact in recent years and has been associated with major health problems worldwide.

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry.

Abnormal prion proteins (PrP) are the disease-associated isoform of cellular prion protein and diagnostic markers of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These neurodegenerative diseases affect humans and several animal species and include scrapie, zoonotic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease of cervids (CWD), and the newly identified camel prion disease (CPD). Diagnosis of TSEs relies on immunodetection of PrP by application of both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western immunoblot methods (WB) on encephalon tissues, namely, the brainstem (obex level).

Evaluation of gonadal macroscopic and microscopic morphometry reveals precocious puberty in Bísaro pig.

Bísaro pig (BP), like many other local breeds reared in extensive non-industrial systems, faces many constraints to comply with the EU welfare regulation, particularly regarding the restrictions to surgical castration. In order to adapt an immunocastration protocol to overtake this issue, a puberty timeline is needed. Using gonadal morphometry data from 91 young male BP, this study intended to characterize testicular development, describing the prominent cell types and structures, to ultimately assess the age at puberty in male BP through a mixed prediction model.

Biodentine for Furcation Perforation Repair: An Animal Study with Histological, Radiographic and Micro-Computed Tomographic Assessment.

Introduction: Biodentine has been scarcely studied as a furcation perforation (FP) repair material, mostly by methodologies. This animal study aimed to compare the histological responses, radiographic, and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) outcomes after FP repair with Biodentine or ProRoot MTA (MTA) in dogs' teeth.

Methods And Materials: Fifty teeth from five dogs were divided into 4 groups: MTA (=20, FP repaired with ProRoot MTA), BDT (=20, FP repaired with Biodentine), PC (=5, positive control, FP without repair) and NC (=5, negative control, without perforation).

An Overview of Teratology.

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the basic principles of teratology, beginning with its definition, the critical point for teratogenesis to occur and the most evident etiological agents to improve the understanding of this science.Teratology is a recent science that began in the early twentieth century, and has greatly improved over the recent years with the advancements in molecular biology, toxicology, animal laboratory science, and genetics, as well as the improvement on the knowledge of the environmental influences.Nevertheless, more work is required to reduce the influence of hazardous products that could be deleterious during pregnancy, thus reducing teratogenic defects in the newborn.

Grade is an independent prognostic factor for feline mammary carcinomas: a clinicopathological and survival analysis.

Feline mammary carcinomas (FMC) are highly infiltrative tumours which show a strong tendency for local recurrence and metastasis. Histological type assessment of these tumours is not sufficiently discriminatory in predicting prognosis and in this study the prognostic significance of the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading was evaluated. Ninety-two feline mammary carcinomas from 84 cats were graded and 64 queens were included in a follow-up study.

Are complex carcinoma of the feline mammary gland and other invasive mammary carcinoma identical tumours? Comparison of clinicopathologic features, DNA ploidy and follow up.

Feline mammary carcinomas are known for their unfavourable prognosis due to a strong tendency to local recurrence and metastasis. We studied 73 spontaneous primary mammary carcinomas and identified eight cases presenting a biphasic nature, with neoplastic epithelial and myoepithelial cells (complex carcinoma). These cases presented histopathologic features associated with a better prognosis; they were also associated with higher overall survival and disease-free survival rates compared to other common invasive mammary carcinomas of non-specified type.