Repeated intravenous doses of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: results of a phase 1 clinical trial with 2-year follow-up.

Background: Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments or preventive strategies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pre-clinical studies with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have yielded encouraging results. The safety of administering repeated intravenous doses of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) has not yet been tested in extremely-low-gestational-age newborns (ELGANs).

Seven Additional Patients with Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Review of the Literature.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an infrequent disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. It may lead to premature death or the requirement for lung and/or heart transplantation. Genetics plays an important and increasing role in the diagnosis of PAH.

Clinical Implications of the Genetic Background in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Data from the Spanish REHIPED Registry.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and rare disease with an important genetic background. The influence of genetic testing in the clinical classification of pediatric PAH is not well known and genetics could influence management and prognosis.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to identify the molecular fingerprint of PH children in the (REHIPED), and to investigate if genetics could have an impact in clinical reclassification and prognosis.

Association of the dysfunctional placentation endotype of prematurity with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Antenatal pathological conditions are key in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pathophysiological pathways or endotypes leading to prematurity and perinatal lung injury can be clustered into two groups: infection and dysfunctional placentation, which include hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We conducted a systematic review of observational studies exploring the association between the dysfunctional placentation endotype and BPD.

Implantable LENUS pro pump for treprostinil infusion in three pediatric patients.

Background: Prostanoid treatment in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been proven safe and effective. Subcutaneous administration of treprostinil has side effects, which limits their use and acceptance. An implantable pump for continuous intravenous treprostinil infusion has been recently approved.

Fontan protein-losing enteropathy is associated with advanced liver disease and a proinflammatory intestinal and systemic state.

Background And Aims: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) after Fontan surgery carries significant morbimortality. Its pathophysiology and association with other Fontan complications are poorly understood. Our aims were to examine whether Fontan-PLE is associated with greater liver damage and to assess the presence of systemic and intestinal inflammation.

Association of Chorioamnionitis With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression.

Importance: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity, remains one of the major and most common complications of very preterm birth. Insight into factors associated with the pathogenesis of BPD is key to improving its prevention and treatment.

Objective: To perform a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression of clinical studies exploring the association between chorioamnionitis (CA) and BPD in preterm infants.

Exploring clinical, echocardiographic and molecular biomarkers to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in childhood, related to prematurity, and the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to pulmonary disease in children. Moderate and severe BPD have a worse outcome and relate more frequently with PH. The prediction of moderate or severe BPD development in extremely premature newborns is vital to implement preventive strategies.

Mid-Term Valve-Related Outcomes After Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve or Valve-in-Ring Replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic and pulmonary valves have been used to treat stenosis or regurgitation after prior surgical tricuspid valve (TV) replacement or repair. Little is known about intermediate-term valve-related outcomes after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR), including valve function, thrombus, and endocarditis.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate mid-term outcomes in a large cohort of patients who underwent TTVR after surgical TV repair or replacement, with a focus on valve-related outcomes.

Preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia: new tools for an old challenge.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most prevalent chronic lung disease in infants and presents as a consequence of preterm birth. Due to the lack of effective preventive and treatment strategies, BPD currently represents a major therapeutic challenge that requires continued research efforts at the basic, translational, and clinical levels. However, not all very low birth weight premature babies develop BPD, which suggests that in addition to known gestational age and intrauterine and extrauterine risk factors, other unknown factors must be involved in this disease's development.

Off-label mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in two infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical course and biomarkers profile.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most prevalent sequelae of premature birth, for which therapeutic options are currently limited. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential therapy for prevention or reversal of BPD.

Series Of Cases: We report on two infants with severe BPD in whom off-label treatment with repeated intravenous doses of allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs were administered.

The economic impact of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Unlabelled: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most serious chronic lung diseases in infancy and one of the most important sequels of premature birth (prevalence of 15-50%). Our objective was to estimate the cost of BPD of one preterm baby, with no other major prematurity-related complications, during the first 2 years of life in Spain. Data from the Spanish Ministry of Health regarding costs of diagnosis-related group of preterm birth, hospital admissions and visits, palivizumab administration, and oxygen therapy in the year 2013 were analyzed.

Edwards valve-in-valve implantation in tricuspid position.

We present two cases of percutaneous Sapien XT valve-in-valve implantation in the tricuspid position: a 20-year-old man with severe congenital pulmonary stenosis and percutaneous valvuloplasty, who required surgical implantation of two protheses, pulmonary and tricuspid, and a 12-year-old boy with CHD and a degenerated tricuspid prosthesis. We implanted three Sapien XT valve-in-valves, two in the tricuspid position and one in the pulmonic position. Sapien XT valve-in-valve implantation in the tricuspid position is feasible and can decrease the number of surgeries in CHD patients.

Cardiac function in vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated increased risk of adverse cardiac outcomes in adults with HIV infection. However, few studies have addressed this problem in vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents, and the long-term cardiac health of this unique population in the antiretroviral therapy era is still unknown.

Methods: Ventricular function was evaluated cross-sectionally in a group of HIV-infected children and adolescents and healthy controls, using conventional echocardiography along with tissue Doppler imaging and strain analysis by speckle tracking.

Practical approach to screen vesicoureteral reflux after a first urinary tract infection.

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common pediatric urologic disorder. After the first urinary tract infection (UTI), imaging studies are recommended, starting with a renal ultrasound (RUS). Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan are the other main radiologic studies used to detect VUR.

Cardiovascular biomarkers in vertically HIV-infected children without metabolic abnormalities.

Early cardiovascular disease is a major concern for ART-suppressed vertically HIV-infected children; however, evidence is lacking regarding specific preventive measures. In this study, a complete panel of biomarkers was determined together with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), in a cohort of 64 HIV-infected children and 30 controls. Mean age of participants was 14.

Subclinical atherosclerosis and markers of immune activation in HIV-infected children and adolescents: the CaroVIH Study.

Background: HIV-infected adults display increased cardiovascular disease, probably driven by inflammation and immune activation. These relationships have not been addressed in vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents, a population at very high risk for long-term non-AIDS complications.

Methods: Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents and healthy controls.