Rosiglitazone inhibits metastasis development of a murine mammary tumor cell line LMM3.

Background: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) induces diverse effects on cancer cells. The thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as troglitazone and ciglitazone, are PPARgamma agonists exhibiting antitumor activities; however, the underlying mechanism remains inconclusive. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a synthetic ligand of PPARgamma used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, inhibits growth of some tumor cells and is involved in other processes related to cancer progression.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin induces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in bladder cancer cells.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for superficial and in situ bladder cancer. The exact mechanism of the antitumor activity of BCG is not completely understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that is involved in cell growth and differentiation as well as inflammatory processes.

Different mechanisms lead to the angiogenic process induced by three adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Neoangiogenesis is essential for tumor and metastasis growth, but this complex process does not follow the same activation pathway, at least in tumor cell lines originated from different murine mammary adenocarcinomas. LMM3 cells were the most potent to stimulate new blood vessel formation. This response was significantly reduced by preincubating cells with indomethacin and NS-398, non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) and COX-2 selective inhibitors, respectively.

Arginine metabolic pathways involved in the modulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis by macrophages.

Neovascularization, an essential step for tumor progression and metastasis development, can be modulated by the presence of macrophages (Mps) in the tumor microenvironment. The ability of Mps to regulate the angiogenicity of the LMM3 tumor cell line was studied. Peritoneal Mps from LMM3 tumor-bearing mice (TMps) potentiate in vivo LMM3 angiogenicity.

Nitric oxide in patients with transitional bladder cancer.

Background And Objectives: One of the current challenges in clinical oncology is the identification of patients with superficial transitional bladder carcinoma (TBC) at high risk of recurrence or myoinvasive disease. Recently, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was detected in urinary bladder cancers. Because iNOS produces a high concentration of nitric oxide (NO), we thought it possible that urine from TBC patients produces high levels of NO.