Tumour-induced Osteomalacia Secondary to a Sarcoma.

Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare paraneoplasatic syndrome found in >95% of benign tumours that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 - a phosphaturic circulating hormone. A rare case of a TIO secondary to a sarcoma, in a 21-year old man with history of bone fractures and distinctive physical and biochemical characteristics is presented and discussed.

Severe Hypercalcaemia - Chronic Tophaceous Gout as the Responsible Cause?

The association of chronic tophaceous gout with severe hypercalcaemia is exceptional. In this case, a 42-year old man with a long-standing history of gout arrived at the emergency room with altered mental status. Laboratory work up revealed a uric acid of 14.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome as the initial manifestation of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a life-threatening demyelinating syndrome. The association of ODS with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) has been seldom reported. The aim of this study was to present and discuss previous cases and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ODS secondary to HHS.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTHrP mediated malignant hypercalcemia in a seminoma.

Background: Seminomas have been rarely associated with malignant hypercalcemia. The responsible mechanism of hypercalcemia in this setting has been described to be secondary to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D secretion. The relationship with PTHrP has not been determined or studied.

Pure androgen-secreting adrenal adenoma associated with resistant hypertension.

Pure androgen-secreting adrenal adenoma is very rare, and its diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. Its association with resistant hypertension is uncommon and not well understood. We present an 18-year-old female with a 10-year history of hirsutism that was accidentally diagnosed with an adrenal mass during the evaluation of a hypertensive crisis.