Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Responsive to Three Low-Temperature Treatments in .

Cold stress impedes the growth and development of plants, restricts the geographical distribution of plant species, and impacts crop productivity. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 14-day-old plantlets exposed to temperatures of 0 °C, 4 °C, and 10 °C for 24 h, compared to the 22 °C control group. Among the top 50 cold-induced genes at each temperature, we identified 31 genes that were common across all three low temperatures, with nine genes common to 0-4 °C, eight genes to 4-10 °C, and two genes to 0-10 °C.

Expression of from in Confers Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens.

During plant interaction with beneficial microorganisms, fungi secrete a battery of elicitors that trigger plant defenses against pathogenic microorganisms. Among the elicitor molecules secreted by Trichoderma are cerato-platanin proteins, such as EPL1, from . In this study, plants that express the gene were challenged with phytopathogens to evaluate whether expression of EPL1 confers increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen and the necrotrophic fungus .

The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae enhances Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize plant growth.

Species of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium are used worldwide as biocontrol agents. Recently, other lifestyles have been associated with some Metarhizium species, which include their role as saprophytes, endophytes, and plant growth promoters. Herein, the effect of three Metarhizium anisopliae strains on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets was evaluated using an in vitro split system.

Arabidopsis adc-silenced line exhibits differential defense responses to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae infection.

During plant-microbe interactions, polyamines participate in the plant defense response. Previously, we reported that silencing of ADC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana causes a drastic reduction of polyamine levels as well as increments in reactive oxygen species content. In this study, we examined the response of the adc-silenced line to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae infection.

The cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase CRK28 modulates Arabidopsis growth and development and influences abscisic acid responses.

CRK28, a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, plays a role in root organogenesis and overall growth of plants and antagonizes abscisic acid response in seed germination and primary root growth. Receptor-like kinases (RLK) orchestrate development and adaptation to environmental changes in plants. One of the largest RLK groups comprises cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs), for which the function of most members remains unknown.

The Arabidopsis-Trichoderma interaction reveals that the fungal growth medium is an important factor in plant growth induction.

Trichoderma spp colonizes the plant rhizosphere and provides pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and enhance growth and development. We evaluated the Arabidopsis-Trichoderma interaction using a split system in which Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma virens were grown on PDA or MS medium. Arabidopsis growth was significantly increased at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation with both Trichoderma species, when the fungal strains were grown on PDA in split interaction.

Arabidopsis Polyamine oxidase-2 uORF is required for downstream translational regulation.

In eukaryotic mRNAs, small upstream open reading frames (uORFs) located in the 5'-untranslated region control the translation of the downstream main ORF. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of higher polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, and therefore contribute to the maintenance of intracellular polyamine content and to the regulation of physiological processes through their catabolic products. Recently, we reported that the Arabidopsis thaliana Polyamine Oxidase 2 (AtPAO2) is post-transcriptionally regulated by its 5'-UTR region through an uORF.

Arabidopsis AtDjA3 Null Mutant Shows Increased Sensitivity to Abscisic Acid, Salt, and Osmotic Stress in Germination and Post-germination Stages.

DnaJ proteins are essential co-chaperones involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Arabidopsis AtDjA3 gene encodes a molecular co-chaperone of 420 amino acids, which belongs to the J-protein family. In this study, we report the functional characterization of the AtDjA3 gene using the Arabidopsis knockout line designated j3 and the 35S::AtDjA3 overexpression lines.

Overexpression of AtGRDP2, a novel glycine-rich domain protein, accelerates plant growth and improves stress tolerance.

Proteins with glycine-rich signatures have been reported in a wide variety of organisms including plants, mammalians, fungi, and bacteria. Plant glycine-rich protein genes exhibit developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns. Herein, we present the characterization of the AtGRDP2 gene using Arabidopsis null and knockdown mutants and, Arabidopsis and lettuce over-expression lines.

Further evidence from the effect of fungi on breaking Opuntia seed dormancy.

Recently, we found that fungi are involved in breaking seed dormancy of Opuntia streptacantha, and that the effect of fungi on seeds is species-specific. However, the effect of fungi on seed germination from other Opuntia spp has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the effect of four fungal species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Phoma sp.