Resource and Service Use after Discharge Among Infants 22-25 Weeks Estimated Gestational Age at the First High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Visit in California.

Objective: To examine resource and service use after discharge among infants born extraordinarily preterm in California who attended high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) clinic by 12 months corrected age.

Study Design: We included infants born 2010-2017 between 22 + 0/7 and 25 + 6/7 weeks' gestational age in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative and California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative-California Children's Services HRIF databases. We evaluated rates of hospitalization, surgeries, medications, equipment, medical service and special service use, and referrals.

Early childhood outcomes of NICU graduates with cytomegalovirus infection in California.

Background: To assess demographics and outcomes up to 3 years of age among children with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in California neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) during 2010-2021.

Methods: The California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) collects data on all very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight ≤ 1500 g) and acutely ill infants with birth weight > 1500 g across 92% of NICUs in California. VLBW infants and those with neurological conditions are referred to a statewide high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) program.

Disparities and Early Engagement Associated with the 18- to 36-Month High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Visit among Very Low Birthweight Infants in California.

Objective: To determine follow-up rates for the high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) visit at 18-36 months among infants with very low birthweights and identify factors associated with completion.

Study Design: We completed a retrospective cohort study using linked California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative neonatal intensive care unit, California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative California Children's Services HRIF, and Vital Statistics Birth Cohort databases. We identified maternal, sociodemographic, neonatal, clinical, and HRIF program level factors associated with the 18- to 36-month follow-up using multivariable Poisson regression.

Rural Residence and Factors Associated with Attendance at the Second High-Risk Infant Follow-up Clinic Visit for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.

Objective: This study was aimed to determine factors associated with attendance at the second high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) visit (V2) by 20 months of corrected age after a successful first visit (V1), and the impact of rural residence on attendance rates in a statewide population of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) infants.

Study Design: Data linked from the California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative (CPQCC) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) database and CPQCC-California Children's Services (CCS) HRIF database. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated independent associations of sociodemographic, maternal, family, neonatal clinical, and individual HRIF program differences (factors) with successful V2 in VLBW infants born in 2010 to 2012.

Factors associated with follow-up of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk infant clinic in California.

Objective: To determine the rates of high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) attendance and the characteristics associated with follow-up among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in California.

Study Design: Using population-based datasets, 1314 infants with HIE born in 2010-2016 were evaluated. The characteristics associated with follow-up were identified through multivariable logistic regression.

Newborn Antibiotic Exposures and Association With Proven Bloodstream Infection.

Objectives: To estimate the percentage of hospital births receiving antibiotics before being discharged from the hospital and efficiency diagnosing proven bloodstream infection.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 326 845 live births in 2017, with a 69% sample of all California births involving 121 California hospitals with a NICU, of which 116 routinely served inborn neonates. Exposure included intravenous or intramuscular antibiotic administered anywhere in the hospital during inpatient stay associated with maternal delivery.

Factors Associated with Successful First High-Risk Infant Clinic Visit for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.

Objectives: To determine rates of at least 1 high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) visit by 12 months corrected age, and factors associated with successful first visit among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a statewide population-based setting.

Study Design: We used the linked California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative and California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative-California Children's Services HRIF databases. Multivariable logistic regression examined independent associations of maternal, sociodemographic, neonatal clinical, and HRIF program factors with a successful first HRIF visit among VLBW infants born in 2010-2011.

Variations in Neonatal Antibiotic Use.

Objectives: We sought to identify whether and how the NICU antibiotic use rate (AUR), clinical correlates, and practice variation changed between 2013 and 2016 and attempted to identify AUR ranges that are consistent with objectively determined bacterial and/or fungal disease burdens.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of >54 000 neonates annually at >130 California NICUs from 2013 to 2016, we computed nonparametric linear correlation and compared AURs among years using a 2-sample test of proportions. We stratified by level of NICU care and participation in externally organized stewardship efforts.

Application of a Mixed Methods Approach to Identify Community-Level Solutions to Decrease Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify community-level actions to decrease racial disparities in infant mortality (IM).

Design: Six urban multidisciplinary teams generated ideas for decreasing racial disparities in IM using a mixed methods concept mapping approach. Participants rated each idea as to its necessity and action potential and grouped ideas by theme.