The Nephroprotective Effects of the Allogeneic Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Were Potentiated by ω3 Stimulating Up-Regulation of the PPAR-γ.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow are a promising tool for regenerative medicine, including kidney diseases. A step forward in MSCs studies is cellular conditioning through specific minerals and vitamins. The Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3) are essential in regulating MSCs self-renewal, cell cycle, and survival.

Gut microbiota alterations in critically ill older patients: a multicenter study.

Background: Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of gut microbiota in a cohort of critically ill older adults.

Cbfa1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells may be elevated by increased nitric oxide/iNOS.

Introduction: Vascular calcification is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Osteoblast differentiation factor (Cbfa1) is present in histologic sections of arteries from patients with end-stage renal disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) can dedifferentiate to osteoblast-like cells, possibly by up-regulation of Cbfa1.

Calcium oxalate crystals and oxalate induce an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the proximal tubular epithelial cells: Contribution to oxalate kidney injury.

TGF-β1 is the main mediator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hyperoxaluria induces crystalluria, interstitial fibrosis, and progressive renal failure. This study analyzed whether hyperoxaluria is associated with TGF-β1 production and kidney fibrosis in mice and if oxalate or calcium oxalate (CaOx) could induce EMT in proximal tubule cells (HK2) and therefore contribute to the fibrotic process.

Precocious obesity predisposes the development of more severe cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in young adult mice.

Obesity and its consequences can damage the kidney over time. However, less is known about the impact of developing overweight/obesity during childhood on the kidney in adulthood and the renal impact of a superimposed acute kidney injury (AKI). This study evaluated the effect of obesity induced by a high-fat diet initiated soon after weaning on the adult life of mice and their response to superimposed nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin.

Influence of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers on Kidney after Fetal Programming in an Experimental Model of Renal Failure.

To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming. The offspring aged two and five months were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring); DC (diabetic dams, control offspring); CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg); and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-, TNF-, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on fetal and placental development in an experimental model of placental insufficiency.

Objective: To elucidate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency.

Methods: Pregnant rats were subjected to uterine artery ligation and to TENS according to the following groups: ligated stimulated (LS); ligated non-stimulated (LN), control stimulated (CS); and control non-stimulated (CN). Fetal external measurements, such as crown-rump length (CRL), fronto-occipital distance (FOD), thoracic ventral-dorsal (TVDD) and abdominal ventral-dorsal (AVDD) distances were analyzed together with the area occupied by fetal internal organs.

Acute kidney injury and progression of renal failure after fetal programming in the offspring of diabetic rats.

Background: Diseases of adulthood, such as diabetes and hypertension, may be related to changes during pregnancy, particularly in kidney. We hypothesized that acute kidney injury progresses more rapidly in cases of fetal programming.

Methods: Diabetic dams' offspring were divided into: CC (controls, receiving vehicle); DC (diabetics, receiving vehicle); CA (controls receiving folic Acid solution, 250 mg/kg); and DA (diabetics receiving folic acid solution).

[Importance of 3T3 feeder layer to establish epithelial cultures from cell suspension obtained from corneo-scleral rims].

Purpose: To evaluate the importance of the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts for establishing limbal epithelial cultures from cell suspension obtained from corneo-scleral rims (CSR).

Methods: Corneo-scleral rims from different donors (n=6) had their posterior stroma and endothelium stripped away. Each corneo-scleral rim was divided into three equal segments that were set up in tissue culture in three different conditions: one of the segments was placed with the epithelial side up on the bottom of a 6-well culture plate (Group A).

[Morphological assessment of different amniotic membrane epithelial denuding techniques].

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological features of the amniotic membrane denuded by different techniques.

Methods: Human amniotic membrane was collected at the time of delivery, fixed in increasing concentrations of glycerol (0-50% in DMEM) and preserved at -80 degrees C until the time of use. The study consisted of 4 groups: intact epithelium (control) and denuded by trypsin (2 mg/mL at 1:250), dispase (1.

Cyclosporine A and NAC on the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide synthesis in rat renal artery cultured cells.

Background: The immunosuppressor cyclosporine A (CsA) presents the nephrotoxicity as its major side effect that is mostly attributed to a renal vasoconstriction. This may be due to an excessive generation of vasoconstrictors like reactive oxygen species (ROS), or due to a reduction of vasodilators such as the nitric oxide, which in turn, can be caused by increased amounts of ROS. We evaluated the effect of CsA and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitric oxide synthesis, in rat renal artery vascular smooth muscle cells (rVSMCs) primary culture.