Risk factors for recurrent wheezing in preterm infants who received prophylaxis with palivizumab.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of recurrent wheezing (RW) in preterm infants who received prophylaxis against severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to identify genetic susceptibility (atopy or asthma) and risk factors for RW.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving preterm infants who received prophylaxis with palivizumab at a referral center in Brazil during the first two years of age. A structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face interview with parents or legal guardians.

Differences between patients who achieved asthma control and those who remain uncontrolled after standardized severe asthma care strategy.

Objective: To assess clinical, functional, and inflammatory patterns of children and adolescents with severe uncontrolled asthma, and investigate the differences between patients who achieved asthma control and those who remain uncontrolled after standardized asthma care strategy.

Methods: Screening all children and adolescents with asthma from the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of Unicamp, Brazil, and included those with severe uncontrolled asthma according to GINA guidelines criteria. Patients were assessed at baseline and after by demographic and medication data, questionnaires (Asthma Control Test and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), Six-Minute Walk Test, skin prick test, spirometry, induced sputum, and blood collection (total immunoglobulin E and eosinophil count).

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO solutions (4.

Volumetric capnography versus spirometry for the evaluation of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis and allergic asthma.

Objective: To compare the values of the markers for volumetric capnography and spirometry and their ability to classify children and adolescents with asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and healthy controls.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 103 patients with controlled persistent allergic asthma, 53 with CF and a healthy control group with 40 volunteers (aged 6 to 15 years), of both sexes. The individuals underwent volumetric capnography and spirometry.

Evaluation of continuous constant current and continuous pulsed current in sweat induction for cystic fibrosis diagnosis.

Background: The sweat test (ST) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, little is known about sweat induction using different types of currents and waves. In this context, our objective was to develop a device to induce sweat and compare the use of continuous constant current (CCC) and continuous pulsed current (CPC) in individuals with CF and healthy controls.

Recurrent wheezing in preterm infants: Prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with progression to recurrent wheezing in preterm infants.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014 and 2015 and analyzed preterm infants born between 2011 and 2012. The search for these children was performed in a university maternity hospital and a Special Immunobiological Reference Center.

Evaluation of respiratory dynamics by volumetric capnography during submaximal exercise protocol of six minutes on treadmill in cystic fibrosis patients.

Objectives: Volumetric capnography provides the standard CO elimination by the volume expired per respiratory cycle and is a measure to assess pulmonary involvement. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory dynamics of healthy control subjects and those with cystic fibrosis in a submaximal exercise protocol for six minutes on the treadmill, using volumetric capnography parameters (slope 3 [Slp3], Slp3/tidal volume [Slp3/TV], and slope 2 [Slp2]).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 128 subjects (cystic fibrosis, 64 subjects; controls, 64 subjects].

Physical activity and asthma control level in children and adolescents.

Background And Objective: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by a muscle contraction with increased energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, asthma control level, spirometric measurements and quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma.

Methods: We included all children and adolescents aged 7-17 years who had a diagnosis of atopic asthma and who attended the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of the State University of Campinas, Brazil.

Spirometry and volumetric capnography in lung function assessment of obese and normal-weight individuals without asthma.

Objective: To analyze and compare lung function of obese and healthy, normal-weight children and adolescents, without asthma, through spirometry and volumetric capnography.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 77 subjects (38 obese) aged 5-17 years. All subjects underwent spirometry and volumetric capnography.

Effect of exercise test on pulmonary function of obese adolescents.

Objective: to investigate the pulmonary response to exercise of non-morbidly obese adolescents, considering the gender.

Methods: a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 92 adolescents (47 obese and 45 eutrophic), divided in four groups according to obesity and gender. Anthropometric parameters, pulmonary function (spirometry and oxygen saturation [SatO2]), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and respiratory muscle strength were measured.

Obesity increases eosinophil activity in asthmatic children and adolescents.

Background: A clear relationship between asthma and obesity has been reported, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of obesity on eosinophil activity (chemotaxis and adhesion) in asthmatic children and adolescents compared with cells from healthy volunteers.

Methods: Asthmatic obese (AO), asthmatic non-obese (ANO), non-asthmatic obese (NAO) and non-asthmatic non-obese (NANO) individuals were included in the present study.

Volumetric capnography as a tool to detect early peripheric lung obstruction in cystic fibrosis patients.

Objective: To compare spirometry and volumetric capnography (VCap) to determine if the capnographic values add more information about early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving CF patients: Group I (42 patients, 6-12 years of age); and Group II (22 patients, 13-20 years of age). The corresponding control groups were comprised of 30 and 50 healthy subjects, respectively.

Influence of thoracic spine postural disorders on cardiorespiratory parameters in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: To assess the impact of increased thoracic kyphosis on pulmonary function and functional capacity in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to verify the influence of disease severity, age and nutritional status on this deformity.

Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at a university hospital. It included CF patients with confirmed diagnosis and without pulmonary exacerbation.

Exercise capacity, respiratory mechanics and posture in mouth breathers.

Unlabelled: Chronic and persistent mouth or oral breathing (OB) has been associated with postural changes. Although posture changes in OB causes decreased respiratory muscle strength, reduced chest expansion and impaired pulmonary ventilation with consequences in the exercise capacity, few studies have verified all these assumptions.

Objective: To evaluate exercise tolerance, respiratory muscle strength and body posture in oral breathing (OB) compared with nasal breathing (NB) children.

Mouth breathing and forward head posture: effects on respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity in children.

Objective: To evaluate submaximal exercise tolerance and respiratory muscle strength in relation to forward head posture (FHP) and respiratory mode in children, comparing mouth-breathing (MB) children with nasal-breathing (NB) children.

Methods: This was a controlled, analytical cross-sectional study involving children in the 8-12 year age bracket with a clinical otorhinolaryngology diagnosis of MB, recruited between October of 2010 and January of 2011 from the Mouth Breather Clinic at the State University of Campinas Hospital de Clínicas, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The exclusion criteria were obesity, asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, and neurological or orthopedic disorders.

Volumetric capnography to detect ventilation inhomogeneity in children and adolescents with controlled persistent asthma.

Objectives: To study changes in the variables of volumetric capnography in children and adolescents with asthma compared with a control group and to investigate their changes with the use of bronchodilators and bronchial provocation test with methacholine.

Methods: One hundred and three patients with controlled persistent asthma and 40 healthy volunteers participated in the study. All of them underwent volumetric capnography and spirometry.