Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development.

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited.

Effects of capillary refill time-vs. lactate-targeted fluid resuscitation on regional, microcirculatory and hypoxia-related perfusion parameters in septic shock: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Persistent hyperlactatemia has been considered as a signal of tissue hypoperfusion in septic shock patients, but multiple non-hypoperfusion-related pathogenic mechanisms could be involved. Therefore, pursuing lactate normalization may lead to the risk of fluid overload. Peripheral perfusion, assessed by the capillary refill time (CRT), could be an effective alternative resuscitation target as recently demonstrated by the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK trial.

Effect of a Resuscitation Strategy Targeting Peripheral Perfusion Status vs Serum Lactate Levels on 28-Day Mortality Among Patients With Septic Shock: The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Abnormal peripheral perfusion after septic shock resuscitation has been associated with organ dysfunction and mortality. The potential role of the clinical assessment of peripheral perfusion as a target during resuscitation in early septic shock has not been established.

Objective: To determine if a peripheral perfusion-targeted resuscitation during early septic shock in adults is more effective than a lactate level-targeted resuscitation for reducing mortality.

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos.

The Escherichia coli LacZ gene, encoding β-galactosidase, is largely used as a reporter for gene expression and as a tracer in cell lineage studies. The classical histochemical reaction is based on the hydrolysis of the substrate X-gal in combination with ferric and ferrous ions, which produces an insoluble blue precipitate that is easy to visualize. Therefore, β-galactosidase activity serves as a marker for the expression pattern of the gene of interest as the development proceeds.

Power-Frequency Magnetic Field Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation in Human ADSC.

Background/aims: Semicircular lipoatrophy (SL) is an idiopathic condition characterized by atrophy of subcutaneous fatty tissue. Although several studies have suggested a possible association between SL and occupational exposure to power frequency magnetic fields (MF), no mechanism has been proposed so far that explains an influence of these fields on adipogenesis.

Methods: The study investigates the effects of a 50 Hz, 100 µT MF on the adipogenesis of stem cells isolated from human adipose tissue (ADSC).

Retinoic acid inhibits the cytoproliferative response to weak 50‑Hz magnetic fields in neuroblastoma cells.

We previously reported that intermittent exposure to a 50‑Hz magnetic field (MF) at 100 µT stimulates cell proliferation in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB69. The present study aimed to investigate whether the magnetic field-induced growth promotion also occurs at a lower magnetic flux density of 10 µT. To this purpose, NB69 cells were subjected for 42 h to intermittent exposure, 3 h on/3 h off, to a 50‑Hz MF at a 10 or 100 µT magnetic flux density.

Antagonistic effects of a 50 Hz magnetic field and melatonin in the proliferation and differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cells.

Background/aims: Epidemiological and experimental evidence exists indicating that exposure to weak, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF - MF) could affect cancer progression. It has been proposed that such hypothetical action could be mediated by MF-induced effects on the cellular response to melatonin (MEL), a potentially oncostatic neurohormone. The present study investigates the response of HepG2 cells to intermittent exposure to a 50 Hz, 10 µT MF, in the presence or absence of MEL at physiological (10 nM) or pharmacological doses (1 µM).

The proliferative response of NB69 human neuroblastoma cells to a 50 Hz magnetic field is mediated by ERK1/2 signaling.

A number of studies have reported that extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) can modulate proliferative processes in vitro; however, the transduction mechanisms implicated in such phenomena remain to be identified. The present study was aimed to determine whether a 50 Hz, 100 μT MF can induce cell proliferation in the human neuroblastoma line NB69, and whether the signaling pathway MAPK-ERK1/2 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase - Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2) is involved in that proliferative response. The cultures were exposed intermittently or continuously to the MF for a 63-hour duration.

Influence of a 50 Hz magnetic field and of all-trans‑retinol on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines.

In vitro exposure to power frequency magnetic fields (MF) has been reported to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the nature of the response of different human cancer cell types to these fields has not been sufficiently characterized. The present work investigates the response of two proliferating human cell lines of neuroblastoma (NB69) and hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) to a 42 h, intermittent treatment with a weak, 100 µT, 50 Hz MF, alone or in combination with 0.

Assessment of occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in hospital personnel.

It has been proposed that chronic exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) in occupational environments could represent a risk factor for a number of disorders. Medical and technical workers in hospitals have been reported to be exposed to relatively strong ELF fields. The present work aims to characterize exposure to MF in the 5 Hz to 2 kHz frequency range in a large hospital through both instantaneous environmental measurements and personal monitoring of workers.

Cytostatic response of NB69 cells to weak pulse-modulated 2.2 GHz radar-like signals.

The present study investigates the response of two human cancer cell lines to a 24-h treatment with a 2.2-GHz, pulse-modulated (5 µs pulse duration, 100 Hz repetition rate) radar-like signal at an average SAR = 0.023 W/kg, using a newly designed setup for in vitro exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields.

Cytostatic response of HepG2 to 0.57 MHz electric currents mediated by changes in cell cycle control proteins.

The capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRet) therapy is a non-invasive technique that applies electrical currents of 0.4-0.6 MHz to the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.

In vitro exposure to 0.57-MHz electric currents exerts cytostatic effects in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells.

Capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy is a non-invasive technique currently applied to the treatment of skin, muscle and tendon injuries that uses 0.45-0.6 MHz electric currents to transdermically and focally increase the internal temperature of targeted tissues.