Administration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Patients on Warfarin May Elevate PT-INR.

The relationship between the concomitant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and elevated prothrombin time-to-international standard ratio (PT-INR) in patients receiving warfarin remains unclear. In the present study, 26 patients treated with ICIs during warfarin therapy were examined for increases in PT-INR within 60 d of ICI administration. Of these patients, 13 developed Grade 2 or higher PT-INR elevations, 5 of which required the immediate administration of vitamin K.

Impact of body surface area on efficacy and safety in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib as a first-line treatment.

Background: The most recommended treatment for stage IV EGFR-positive lung cancer is osimertinib monotherapy. The dosage of osimertinib is fixed at 80 mg/day regardless of body surface area (BSA), however some patients withdraw or reduce the dosage due to adverse events (AEs).

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 98 patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received 80 mg osimertinib as the initial treatment.

Assessing domain adaptation in adverse drug event extraction on real-world breast cancer records.

Background: Adverse Drug Events (ADE) are key information present in unstructured portions of Electronic Health Records. These pose a significant challenge in healthcare, ranging from mild discomfort to severe complications, and can impact patient safety and treatment outcomes.

Methods: We explore the influence of domain shift between a set of dummy clinical notes and a real-world hospital corpus of Japanese clinical notes of breast cancer treatment when extracting ADEs from free text.

Parallel administration of nanoliposomal irinotecan and levo-leucovorin for pancreatic cancer.

Background: Nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/levo-leucovorin (Levo-LV) was approved for unresectable pancreatic cancer (UR-PC) in March 2020 in Japan. Levo-LV is administered by intravenous infusion over 120 min following 90 min intravenous infusion of nal-IRI (conventional method), causing a significant burden on both patients and the outpatient chemotherapy room owing to the prolonged administration time. Thus, from July 2021, we introduced the simultaneous intravenous administration of nal-IRI and Levo-LV (parallel method) with the approval of the institutional regimen committee.

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in treating immune-related hepatitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor use: A retrospective study.

Background And Aim: To investigate the outcomes in eight Japanese patients with cancer treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids for immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment-induced severe immune-related hepatitis (ir-hepatitis) and the efficacy and safety of MMF.

Methods: We retrospectively examined patient background, treatment course, as well as examination and imaging data using electronic medical records.

Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 7:1, and the median age was 60 years (27-72 years).

Efficacy and safety of Infliximab for steroid-resistant immune-related adverse events: A retrospective study.

The present study investigated outcomes of infliximab (IFX) treatment among 8 Japanese patients with various types of cancer (4 with malignant melanoma, 3 with lung cancer and 1 with renal cancer) who developed severe steroid-resistant immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in association with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to determine its efficacy and safety. Information, including patient background, treatment progress, examination data and imaging data, was collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Adverse reactions were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.

[Effect of Relative Dose Intensity(RDI)-Guided Dose Adjustments of Palbociclib on Duration of Treatment in Patients with Severe Neutropenia].

The study subjects consisted of 54 patients with inoperable or recurrent breast cancer who were administered a combination of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy. We examined the onset of neutropenia during the first course of treatment and evaluated the influence that various risk factors had on treatment continuity. Patients with neutropenia Grade≥3 had significantly lower relative dose intensity(RDI) values during the first course of treatment than did patients with neutropenia Grade ≤2.

Clinical and ex vivo laboratory comparison of the self-sealing properties and dimensional stability between the femtosecond laser and manual clear corneal incisions.

Purpose: To compare the self-sealing features and dimensional stability between the femtosecond laser (FL) and manual knife corneal incision.

Methods: For the clinical study, 29 consecutive eyes from 29 patients and 28 eyes from 28 patients who underwent cataract surgery with FL corneal incision and manual knife incision, respectively, were enrolled. Immediately after cataract surgery, the self-sealing features of the corneal incisions were evaluated.

Effect of Background Luminance Level on the Assessment of Color Visual Acuity Using Colored Landolt Rings in Young Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: To evaluate the color visual acuity (CVA) of young healthy subjects using colored Landolt rings and the effect of background luminance level on the CVA.

Materials And Methods: We measured the CVA of 20 young healthy subjects (age: 23.8 ± 3.

Comparison of Maximum Stretch Forces between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis.

The current study reports comparing the postoperative mechanical properties of the anterior capsule between femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FLC) and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of variable size and shape in porcine eyes. All CCCs were created using capsule forceps. Irregular or eccentric CCCs were also created to simulate real cataract surgery.

[Investigation of Administration Technique of Regorafenib in Our Center].

Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor; the CORRECTtrial evaluated its efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer following disease progression with standard therapies. However, regorafenib has toxicities that develop quickly. Few studies have reported the safe dose and usage of regorafenib to avoid these adverse events in Japanese patients.

Effects of an Oral Elemental Nutritional Supplement on Post-gastrectomy Body Weight Loss in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Post-gastrectomy weight loss is associated with deterioration in quality of life, and influences the long-term prognosis of gastric cancer patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled, open-label study to examine whether an oral elemental diet (Elental(®), Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo, Japan; hereafter referred to as ED) prevents postoperative weight loss in post-gastrectomy patients.

Methods: Patients were randomly divided to receive the ED or control diet.

[A case of advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy followed by curative conversion gastrectomy].

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer that was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy followed by curative conversion gastrectomy. The patient was a 71-year-old man. Endoscopic examination revealed a type 3 gastric cancer in the lower third of the stomach.

[Chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients over 75 years of age].

Purpose: The efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer in patients who were aged over 75 years was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of advanced gastric cancer patients who received first-line chemotherapy with TS-1 plus cisplatin or TS-1 in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 were determined. The patients were divided into two groups: H and L.

[A case of metachronous triple cancer treated with a multimodal approach including surgical resection].

We report a patient with metachronous triple cancer of the hypopharynx, esophagus, and tongue. A 37-year-old man with hypopharyngeal cancer underwent hypopharyngolaryngectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy in 1999. Submental lymphadenectomy following adjuvant radiotherapy was performed for lymph node recurrence in 2000.

[Tolerability of XELOX in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer].

A regimen of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(XELOX)has become one of the standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapies for colon cancer. However, few tolerability studies have been conducted in Japan. In this study, we retrospectively examined treatment continuation and the adverse events that occurred during 8 courses of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with XELOX in 21 patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone curative resection.

Evaluation of SLC20A2 mutations that cause idiopathic basal ganglia calcification in Japan.

Objective: To investigate the clinical, genetic, and neuroradiologic presentations of idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) in a nationwide study in Japan.

Methods: We documented clinical and neuroimaging data of a total of 69 subjects including 23 subjects from 10 families and 46 subjects in sporadic cases of IBGC in Japan. Mutational analysis of SLC20A2 was performed.

[Analysis of patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor].

Purpose: We investigated the background factors, histopathological results, and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 42 patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital from 2002 to 2012 were collected and retrospectively reviewed.

Result: The ratio of male to female patients was 29:13; the mean age was 66.

[A case of paclitaxel-resistant recurrent gastric cancer responsive to S-1 plus docetaxel].

We report the case of a patient with paclitaxel (PTX) -resistant recurrent gastric cancer who was effectively treated with S-1 plus docetaxel( DOC). A 62-year-old woman underwent total gastrectomy for Stage IV advanced gastric cancer (type 4, por 2>sig, pT4a (SE), pN3a, pP1, CY1) in 2009. Although S-1 was administered as first-line chemotherapy, recurrent peritoneal metastasis was diagnosed 22 months after surgery.

[A case of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with a combination of capecitabine, cisplatin, and trastuzumab as first-line chemotherapy].

We report a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor(HER)2-positive advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with a combination of capecitabine, cisplatin(CDDP), and trastuzumab as first-line chemotherapy. A 66-year-old woman diagnosed as having advanced gastric cancer underwent chemotherapy after abdominal computed tomography (CT)revealed multiple metastases to the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and peritoneum. Histopathological examination indicated a type 3, tub1, cT3(SS), N3, H1, P1, M1(LYM, PUL), cStage IV gastric tumor.

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis successfully treated with preoperative S-1/Lentinan chemotherapy followed by curative gastrectomy].

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with preoperative S-1/Lentinan (LTN)chemotherapy followed by curative gastrectomy. The patient was a 75-year-old man with right hypochondralgia. Endoscopic examination revealed a huge type 2 gastric cancer in the middle body of the stomach.

[Analysis of weekly paclitaxel chemotherapy for esophageal cancer].

Purpose: Public knowledge-based application for paclitaxe(l PAC) has been approved for advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer. We investigated the feasibility of weekly PAC chemotherapy as a second-line or subsequent regimen for metastatic or recurrent esophageal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients received PAC( 100 mg/m2 intravenously) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 of each 8-week period.

Localization of type-III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2 in the mouse brain.

Type-III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters 1 and 2 (PiT-1 and PiT-2, respectively) are proteins encoded by SLC20A1 and SLC20A2, respectively. The ubiquitous distribution of PiT-1 and PiT-2 mRNAs in mammalian tissues is in agreement with the housekeeping maintenance of homeostasis of intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is absorbed from interstitial fluid for normal cellular functions. Recently, mutations of SLC20A2 have been found in patients with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), also known as Fahr's disease.

[Study of tolerability of capecitabine in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer].

Objective: Based on the results of the X-ACT study, capecitabine has become one of the standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapies for colon cancer. However, few studies of tolerability have been conducted in Japan.

Method: In this study, we retrospectively examined treatment continuation, and the adverse events that occurred during eight courses of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine, in 34 patients with colon cancer who had undergone curative resection.