Prompt access to outpatient care post-incarceration among adults with a history of substance use: Predisposing, enabling, and need-based factors.

Introduction: As expanded Medicaid coverage reduces financial barriers to receiving health care among formerly incarcerated adults, more information is needed to understand the factors that predict prompt use of health care after release among insured adults with a history of substance use. This study's aim was to estimate the associations between characteristics suggested by the Andersen behavioral model of health service use and measures of health care use during the immediate reentry period and in the presence of Medicaid coverage.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we linked individual-level data from multiple Wisconsin agencies.

Development and validation of the self-management Barriers and Supports Evaluation for working-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: To optimize type 1 diabetes mellitus self-management, experts recommend a person-centered approach, in which care is tailored to meet people's needs and preferences. Existing tools for tailoring type 1 diabetes mellitus education and support are limited by narrow focus, lack of strong association with meaningful outcomes like A1c, or having been developed before widespread use of modern diabetes technology. To facilitate comprehensive, effective tailoring for today's working-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, we developed and validated the Barriers and Supports Evaluation (BASES).

Habitual sleep, sleep duration differential, and weight change among adults: Findings from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Objectives: Assess longitudinal associations between diary-measured sleep duration and clinically assessed body mass index (BMI).

Design: Multilevel growth curve analyses examined how within-person changes and between-person differences in habitual sleep duration were associated with BMI trajectories.

Setting: Sleep diaries across 2-6 consecutive weekday and weekend nights at each data collection point, repeatedly collected at approximate 4-year intervals, for an average of 9.

A preliminary epidemiologic study of social (pragmatic) communication disorder in the context of developmental language disorder.

Background: There is extremely limited population-based research on social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD). Population-based samples have the potential to better characterize the SCD phenotype by mitigating confounds and biases that are typical of convenience and clinical samples.

Aims: The aims of this preliminary epidemiologic study were to advance our understanding of the SCD phenotype relative to developmental language disorder (DLD), obtain an estimate of prevalence, identify risk factors and lay the groundwork for future population level research of SCD.

Decreased ventricular size and mass mediate the reduced exercise capacity in adolescents and adults born premature.

Background: Premature birth is associated with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) but the underlying mechanisms responsible remain unclear. This study assessed whether differences in cardiac morphology or function mediate differences in CRF among adolescents and young adults born preterm.

Methods: Adolescents and young adults born moderately to extremely premature (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g) and age-matched term born participants underwent resting cardiac MRI and maximal exercise testing.

Polysomnographic indicators of restorative sleep and body mass trajectories in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Study Objectives: Previous research suggests that reductions in restorative, slow-wave (N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are associated with weight gain and obesity in mid-to-late life. We extend prior work by examining how within-person (WP) changes and between-person (BP) differences in restorative sleep over several years are associated with body mass trajectories among participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (WSCS).

Methods: We used data from 4,862 polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies and physical exams collected from 1,187 WSCS participants over an average duration of 14.

The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) Program: An infrastructure for Advancing Population Health Sciences.

Purpose: The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) was established in 2008 by the University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH) with the goals of 1) providing a timely and accurate picture of the health of the state residents; and 2) serving as an agile resource infrastructure for ancillary studies. Today SHOW continues to serve as a vital population health research infrastructure.

Participants: SHOW currently includes 5,846 adult and 980 minor participants recruited between 2008-2019 in four primary waves.

Reproductive health at conflict borders: a cross-sectional survey of human rights violations and perinatal outcomes at the Thai-Myanmar border.

Background: Human rights violations (HRVs) are common in conflict and displacement contexts. Women are especially vulnerable to HRVs in these contexts, and perinatal health is acutely sensitive to related stressors and health care barriers. However, how HRVs affect immediate and long-term perinatal health in chronic displacement settings has not been closely investigated.

Influences of health and environmental deprivation on family relationships among children with chronic disease.

Purpose: Families play a key role in managing chronic illness. Among chronically ill children, we describe the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Family Relationships measure over time and its associations with sociodemographics, environmental deprivation, and health.

Methods: Parents of children aged 8-18 years with asthma (n = 171), type 1 diabetes (n = 199), or sickle cell disease (n = 135), recruited in pediatric clinics and emergency departments (ED), completed demographic surveys.

Bayesian profiling multiple imputation for missing hemoglobin values in electronic health records.

Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used for clinical and comparative effectiveness research, but suffer from missing data. Motivated by health services research on diabetes care, we seek to increase the quality of EHRs by focusing on missing values of longitudinal glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), a key risk factor for diabetes complications and adverse events. Under the framework of multiple imputation (MI), we propose an individualized Bayesian latent profiling approach to capture A1c measurement trajectories subject to missingness.

Sustaining Gains in Diabetic Eye Screening: Outcomes from a Stakeholder-Based Implementation Program for Teleophthalmology in Primary Care.

Teleophthalmology is a validated method for diabetic eye screening that is underutilized in U.S. primary care clinics.

Blunted cardiac output response to exercise in adolescents born preterm.

Purpose: Premature birth is associated with lasting effects, including lower exercise capacity and pulmonary function, and is acknowledged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to evaluate factors affecting exercise capacity in adolescents born preterm, including the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to exercise, activity level and strength.

Methods: 21 preterm-born and 20 term-born adolescents (age 12-14 years) underwent strength and maximal exercise testing with thoracic bioimpedance monitoring.

Likelihood of hospital readmission in Medicare Advantage and Fee-For-Service within same hospital.

Objective: To assess the extent to which all-cause 30-day readmission rate varies by Medicare program within the same hospitals.

Study Design: We used conditional logistic regression clustered by hospital and generalized estimating equations to compare the odds of unplanned all-cause 30-day readmission between Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA).

Data Collection: Wisconsin Health Information Organization collects claims data from various payers including private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid, twice a year.

Increased aortic stiffness and elevated blood pressure in response to exercise in adult survivors of prematurity.

Objectives: Adults born prematurely have an increased risk of early heart failure. The impact of prematurity on left and right ventricular function has been well documented, but little is known about the impact on the systemic vasculature. The goals of this study were to measure aortic stiffness and the blood pressure response to physiological stressors; in particular, normoxic and hypoxic exercise.

Association Between Preterm Birth and Arrested Cardiac Growth in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Importance: Premature birth is associated with substantially higher lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmia, ischemic disease, and heart failure, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Objective: To characterize cardiac structure and function in adolescents and young adults born preterm using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional cohort study at an academic medical center included adolescents and young adults born moderately to extremely premature (20 in the adolescent cohort born from 2003 to 2004 and 38 in the young adult cohort born in the 1980s and 1990s) and 52 age-matched participants who were born at term and underwent cardiac MRI.

One-year changes in self-reported napping behaviors across the retirement transition.

Objective: To estimate associations of retirement with self-reported frequency and duration of naps.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Population-based.

Reliability and validity of PROMIS® pediatric family relationships short form in children 8-17 years of age with chronic disease.

Purpose: Families play a key role in managing pediatric chronic illness. The PROMIS® pediatric family relationships measure was developed primarily within the general pediatric population. We evaluated the Family Relationships short form in the context of pediatric chronic diseases.

Impact of family-centered tailoring of pediatric diabetes self-management resources.

Background: The American Diabetes Association recommends a family-centered approach that addresses each family's specific type 1 diabetes self-management barriers.

Objective: To assess an intervention that tailored delivery of self-management resources to families' specific self-management barriers.

Subjects: At two sites, 214 children 8-16 years old with type 1 diabetes and their parent(s) were randomized to receive tailored self-management resources (intervention, n = 106) or usual care (n = 108).

Pyuria as a Marker of Urinary Tract Infection in Neurogenic Bladder: Is It Reliable?

Objective: The utility of the urinalysis as a potential marker to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with neurogenic bladder is controversial. We assessed the baseline urine characteristics and intraindividual variance of pyuria in a cohort of asymptomatic children with neurogenic bladder followed longitudinally.

Study Design: A cohort of 54 children with neurogenic bladder was followed from 2004 to 2015 at a single institution's multidisciplinary clinic.

Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is impaired in healthy young adults born preterm.

Purpose: The long-term implications of premature birth on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function are unclear. Heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise is a simple tool to evaluate ANS function and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine whether HRR is impaired in young adults born preterm (PYA).

Early Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm.

Premature birth affects 10% of live births in the United States and is associated with alveolar simplification and altered pulmonary microvascular development. However, little is known about the long-term impact prematurity has on the pulmonary vasculature. Determine the long-term effects of prematurity on right ventricular and pulmonary vascular hemodynamics.

Hypertension control after an initial cardiac event among Medicare patients with diabetes mellitus: A multidisciplinary group practice observational study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease have a high risk of mortality and/or recurrent cardiovascular events. Hypertension control is critical for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The objective was to determine rates and predictors of achieving hypertension control among Medicare patients with diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension after hospital discharge for an initial cardiac event.

Impaired autonomic function in adolescents born preterm.

Preterm birth temporarily disrupts autonomic nervous system (ANS) development, and the long-term impacts of disrupted fetal development are unclear in children. Abnormal cardiac ANS function is associated with worse health outcomes, and has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We used heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain (standard deviation of RR intervals, SDRR; and root means squared of successive differences, RMSSD) and frequency domain (high frequency, HF; and low frequency, LF) at rest, as well as heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise, to assess autonomic function in adolescent children born preterm.