Multi-residue determination of pesticides in green tea by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation using nitrogen as the carrier gas.

Helium is commonly used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS); however, there are growing concerns regarding its global shortage and the resulting limited supply and high cost. Using nitrogen as an alternative carrier gas in GC-MS/MS with the widely used electron ionisation (EI) technique leads to a significantly lower sensitivity; thus, in this study, we explored the use of atmospheric-pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) as the ionisation method and examined the applicability of GC-(APCI)MS/MS with nitrogen gas for the determination of pesticide residues. GC-(APCI)MS/MS using nitrogen provided slightly wider peaks, and poorer isomeric separation compared to those using helium under identical conditions; however, the peak intensities were comparable.

Quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in tea by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

In this study, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source was applied for the quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in tea. To determine the optimum ionization conditions for multiresidue analysis, the full-scan mass spectra and peak intensities of pesticides were compared in the presence and absence of water as a modifier. When water was added as a modifier in the ion source, most of the target compounds formed [M+H] ions and exhibited enhanced intensities.

A case of late onset riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency manifesting as recurrent rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.

We report an adult case of late-onset riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) characterized by episodic recurrent rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after the age of 46. Muscle biopsy revealed lipid storage myopathy and the finding of serum acylcarnitine and urine organic acid analyses were consistent with MADD. A compound heterozygous mutation was identified in the electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene, including a novel missense mutation, which confirmed the diagnosis of MADD.

[Case of multiple sclerosis with "yes-yes" type head tremor].

A 32-year-old woman, who had developed head tremor and paresthesia of the right upper limb for several months, was admitted to our hospital The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made because the serial MRI showed multiple lesions in both the cerebral white matter and the cervical cord. Oligoclonal IgG band was positive. Her symptoms were improved by intravenous methylprednisolone and an antiepileptic drug (MEPM 1 g/day and CZP 1 mg/day).

The glutamate release inhibitor riluzole attenuates the formation of conditioned place aversion induced by naloxone in rats undergoing a single morphine exposure.

Acute morphine exposure has been hypothesized to produce long-lasting central changes that contribute to the withdrawal aversion. We have most recently demonstrated that those changes may involve the glutamatergic system, including multiple classes of receptors. The present study was undertaken to further determine the involvement of the glutamatergic system by examining the effect of riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, on the motivational component of withdrawal from acute morphine dependence.

Expression of c-Fos in the rat central amygdala accompanies the acquisition but not expression of conditioned place aversion induced by withdrawal from acute morphine dependence.

Conditioned reinforcement is hypothesized to be critically involved in drug addiction as a factor contributing to compulsive drug use and relapse. The present study focused on the neurobiology involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned reinforcing effects of morphine withdrawal employing a conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm in acute-dependent rats. Expression of c-Fos in the amygdala (the central nucleus, CeA; the medial nucleus, MeA; the basolateral nucleus, BLA) following naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and the CPA test was examined using a range of naloxone doses (0.

Withdrawal-induced c-Fos expression in the rat centromedial amygdala 24 h following a single morphine exposure.

Rationale: An opiate antagonist was found to induce motivational withdrawal signs 24 h or even up to 48 h after a single dose of morphine in rats.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine whether such a withdrawal state would modify the neuronal activity in the brain.

Methods: A conditioned place aversion was established following a one-trial paradigm in rats undergoing a single exposure to morphine (10 mg/kg) 24 h prior to naloxone administration (0.

Nicotine attenuates place aversion induced by naloxone in single-dose, morphine-treated rats.

Rationale: Acute physical dependence refers to the withdrawal syndrome precipitated by an opioid antagonist administered several hours after either a single dose or a short-term infusion of an opioid agonist.

Objectives: We examined the mechanism of nicotine-induced attenuation of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome when used to produce an aversive motivational state in a place-conditioning paradigm.

Methods: The effect of nicotine was investigated through place aversion induced by naloxone in morphine-pretreated rats.