Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Limits Fetal Transfer of Tadalafil in Mice.

Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is a candidate therapeutic agent for fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In this study, we elucidated the fetal transfer of tadalafil in comparison with that of sildenafil, the first PDE5 inhibitor to be approved. We also examined the contributions of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) to fetal transfer.

Delayed Enhancement of Ascites after Iodine Contrast Administration Assessed with Dual-energy Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

We report a case of 71-year-old woman with lung cancer and high-attenuation ascites (HAA) due to iodine contrast material (ICM). The patient underwent two sequential CT scans at interval of 4 h between examinations by using ICM. The second scan was obtained by dual-energy CT (DE-CT), yielding the virtual non-contrast (VNC) image and iodine map, which were used to evaluate HAA.

Prospective evaluation of the G8 screening tool for prognostication of survival in elderly patients with lung cancer: A single-institution study.

The G8 questionnaire is a quick and easy-to-use screening tool. Several studies reported that the G8 questionnaire had a high sensitivity for predicting abnormalities in the full comprehensive geriatric assessment and predicted functional decline and survival in elderly cancer patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the G8 questionnaire for predicting clinical outcomes and overall survival (OS) in elderly patients with lung cancer, who received chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Phase I/II study of induction chemotherapy using carboplatin plus irinotecan and sequential thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for elderly patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC): TORG 0604.

Background: The role of irinotecan for elderly patients with LD-SCLC has been unclear, and the timing of TRT combined with chemotherapy has not been fully evaluated.

Methods: Patients aged > 70 years with untreated, measurable, LD-SCLC, performance status (PS) 0-2, and adequate organ function were eligible. Treatment consisted of induction with carboplatin on day 1 and irinotecan on days 1 and 8, every 21 days for 4 cycles, and sequential TRT (54Gy in 27 fractions).

Acute Gastric Volvulus Successfully Treated by Endoscopic Reduction in a 6-Year-Old Girl and a Review of the Japanese Literature.

A previously healthy 6-year-old girl suddenly developed severe abdominal pain and nausea. She was diagnosed with acute gastric volvulus, and a nasogastric tube was inserted to decompress the stomach. The volvulus did not reduce spontaneously; therefore, we performed endoscopic reduction on day 3 and were able to treat her successfully.

Early pharmacodynamic assessment using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography on molecular targeted therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy for clinical outcome prediction.

Early prediction of therapeutic outcome is important in determining whether the ongoing therapy is beneficial. In addition to anatomical response determined using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, recent studies have indicated that change in tumor glucose use on or after treatment correlates with histopathologic tumor regression and patient outcomes. This Perspective discusses the use of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for pharmacodynamic evaluation in a very early phase of treatment to predict clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

A feasibility study of carboplatin plus irinotecan treatment for elderly patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer.

Objective: The role of platinum agents plus irinotecan has been unclear for elderly patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer. We conducted a feasibility study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus irinotecan in preparation for a planned Phase III study.

Methods: Based on another Phase I study, carboplatin area under the curve of four Day 1 plus irinotecan 50 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks for four courses was administered.

A phase I trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with non-split administration of docetaxel and cisplatin for dry stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (JCOG9901DI).

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the maximum tolerated dose of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) with conventional administration of the docetaxel (D) plus cisplatin (P) (conv-DP) regimen.

Methods: Patients (aged ≤70 years) with unresectable dry stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and having performance status 0 or 1 and adequate organ function were eligible. They received radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) once daily starting on day 2.

Development of a high-resolution purification method for precise functional characterization of primitive human cord blood-derived CD34-negative SCID-repopulating cells.

Objective: We have successfully identified human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34-negative (CD34(-)) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) with extensive lymphomyeloid repopulating ability using the intrabone marrow injection method. In our previous study, a limiting dilution analysis demonstrated the frequency of CD34(-) SRCs in CB-derived 13lineage-negative (Lin(-)) CD34(-) cells to be approximately 1/25,000. In this study, we intended to develop a high-resolution purification method to obtain highly purified CD34(-) SRCs.