Cerebral blood flow abnormalities with central sparing on arterial spin labeling in mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity: a case report.

Background: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) and mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity (MEEX) are the most frequent acute encephalopathies in pediatric patients in Japan. AESD typically presents with biphasic seizures and delayed reduced diffusion in the subcortical area, called bright tree appearance (BTA), on radiological examination. In patients with AESD, arterial spin labeling (ASL) shows decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hyperacute stage and increased CBF in the acute stage, suggesting the usefulness of ASL for the early diagnosis of AESD.

Chronic Neutropenia in Children With Abscess Forming Cervical Lymphadenitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Suppurative cervical lymphadenitis is rare in children with limited information about the frequency of neutropenia in any series.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients in whom suppurative cervical lymphadenitis was diagnosed between April 2011 and March 2016 at a tertiary children's hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Microbiologically confirmed cases of cervical lymphadenitis with abscess formation were included in the analysis.