Defining the Morbidity of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion: Adoption of the Comprehensive Complication Index.

The Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) only reports the postoperative complication of highest grade. It is thus of limited value for radical cystectomy, after which patients usually experience multiple complications. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) is a novel scoring system, which incorporates all postoperative events in one single value.

Four groups of type 2 diabetes contribute to the etiological and clinical heterogeneity in newly diagnosed individuals: An IMI DIRECT study.

The presentation and underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is complex and heterogeneous. Recent studies attempted to stratify T2D into distinct subgroups using data-driven approaches, but their clinical utility may be limited if categorical representations of complex phenotypes are suboptimal. We apply a soft-clustering (archetype) method to characterize newly diagnosed T2D based on 32 clinical variables.

Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy for Urologic Cancer Patients in Clinical Trials: A Collaborative Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are transforming the treatment landscape of urologic oncology. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the toxicity spectrum of these novel therapies has yet to be provided.

Objective: To comprehensively investigate the incidence and profile of ICI therapy-related adverse events (AEs) across urologic cancers.

The use of 3D printed models for the pre-operative planning of surgical correction of pediatric hip deformities: a case series and concise review of the literature.

Background And Aim: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is prevailing in surgical planning of complex cases. The aim of this study is to describe the use of 3D printed models during the surgical planning for the treatment of four pediatric hip deformity cases. Moreover, pediatric pelvic deformities analyzed by 3D printed models have been object of a concise review.

The Possible Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Acute Cholangitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly encountered. It is associated with several comorbid diseases. However, its association with infectious biliary diseases is still unknown.

Impact of Age on Outcomes of Patients With Pure Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder: Multi-Institutional Cohort Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the role of age (cut-off 70 years) at diagnosis in predicting oncologic behavior of pure carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

Material And Methods: Inclusion criteria were: patients with pure CIS confirmed and that followed intravesical BCG treatment. Pure CIS was defined at any CIS not associated with another urothelial cancer.

Contemporary Trends of Systemic Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Intravesical Chemotherapy in Patients With Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas Undergoing Minimally Invasive or Open Radical Nephroureterectomy: Analysis of US Claims on Perioperative Outcomes and Health Care Costs.

Introduction: New evidence indicates that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (laparoscopic or robotic-assisted [LNU, RANU]) reaches oncologic equivalence compared with Open Radical Nephroureterectomy (ORNU) for high-risk upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Recently, European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines suggested implementing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to standard treatment to improve oncologic outcomes of high-risk UTUC. We aimed (1) To explore contemporary trends of MIS for RNU in the United States and to compare perioperative outcomes and costs with that of ORNU.

Robotic Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Propensity-Score Matched Pair "tetrafecta" Analysis (ROBUUST Collaborative Group).

To compare the outcomes of robotic radical nephroureterectomy (RRNU) and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU) within a large multi-institutional worldwide dataset. The ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer STudy (ROBUUST) includes data from 17 centers worldwide regarding 877 RRNU and LRNU performed between 2015 and 2019. Baseline features, perioperative and oncologic outcomes, were included.

Assessing 3-D Printing in Hip Replacement Surgical Planning.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of 3-D printed models of the femoral head based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) images. Other goals were to compare the cartilage thickness of bony specimen to the printed models and calculate the standard deviation between 3-D printed models based on CT images and laser scan models.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 10 patients who underwent preoperative CT imaging and hip replacement.

Diarrhea due to parasites: a short, updated point of view from the clinical setting.

Diarrhea represents a common manifestation of several gastrointestinal diseases. Infectious agents are the most common causes of diarrhea in developing countries, where the inadequate sanitation and hygiene are prevalent. In these countries, the scarcity of preventive measures as well as the limited health resources cause a substantial increase in incidence, morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, including diarrhea.

Simultaneous robotic partial nephrectomy for bilateral renal masses.

Purpose: There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal treatment strategy for patients presenting with synchronous bilateral renal masses. The decision to perform bilateral procedures on the same intervention or in staged procedures is debated. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the outcomes of simultaneous robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in a series of patients with bilateral renal masses treated at five Italian robotic institutions.

Does quality assured eLearning provide adequate preparation for robotic surgical skills; a prospective, randomized and multi-center study.

Purpose: In particular after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a precipitous rush to implement virtual and online learning strategies in surgery and medicine. It is essential to understand whether this approach is sufficient and adequate to allow the development of robotic basic surgical skills. The main aim of the authors was to verify if the quality assured eLearning is sufficient to prepare individuals to perform a basic surgical robotic task.

Term Infant Formulas Influencing Gut Microbiota: An Overview.

Intestinal colonization of the neonate is highly dependent on the term of pregnancy, the mode of delivery, the type of feeding [breast feeding or formula feeding]. Postnatal immune maturation is dependent on the intestinal microbiome implementation and composition and type of feeding is a key issue in the human gut development, the diversity of microbiome, and the intestinal function. It is well established that exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months or more has several benefits with respect to formula feeding.

The Yield of Endoscopy and Histology in the Evaluation of Esophageal Dysphagia: Two Referral Centers' Experiences.

: The initial diagnostic test required to evaluate esophageal dysphagia is upper endoscopy (EGD) to assess the structure of the esophagus and the esophageo-gastric junction (EGJ). Taking biopsies during EGD has become a common practice in patients with dysphagia to rule out eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The aims of this study were to evaluate the endoscopic findings of patients who underwent EGD for esophageal dysphagia, to assess the rate of biopsy taking from the esophagus to diagnose/exclude EoE, and to report histology outcomes of these biopsies.

A Novel Clinical Score Predicting the Presence of Fatty Pancreas.

Background: Fatty pancreas (FP) has become an increasingly encountered entity in recent years. Several studies have shown an association with several disease states.

Aims: we aimed to generate a simple non-invasive scoring model to predict the presence of FP.

Pulmonary Vasculitides: A Radiological Review Emphasizing Parenchymal HRCT Features.

Vasculitides represent a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders, characterized by a systemic inflammatory destructive process of the blood vessels resulting either in ischemia or hemorrhage. The organ involved and vessel size influence the pattern of presentation of the pathology. The lung is commonly involved in systemic vasculitides, with heterogeneous clinical, radiological, and histopathological presentations.

The impact of overweight on diverticular disease: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

Introduction: The prevalence of colonic diverticulosis and diverticulitis has significantly increased in recent years. Obesity is a well‑known risk factor for diverticulitis, but far less is known about the association between diverticulitis and overweight.

Objective: We aimed to examine the association between overweight and diverticulitis and to study the potential relationship between body mass index (BMI) and disease severity.

Crosstalk Between the Immune System and Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Study of Allergen Transporting.

Nanometer-sized membrane-surrounded vesicles from different parts of plants including fruits are gaining increasing attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects demonstrated by and studies, and as nanovectors for molecular delivery of exogenous substances. These nanomaterials are very complex and contain a diverse arsenal of bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Our knowledge about the transport of allergens in vesicles isolated from plant food is limited today.

Achalasia in the Elderly: Diagnostic Approach and a Proposed Treatment Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review.

Achalasia is not uncommonly diagnosed in elderly patients and its incidence and prevalence are growing in this population. However, a scarcity of studies has assessed the typical pathophysiological and clinical features of the disease as well as the effectiveness and safety of the various therapeutic options in elderly populations. Botulinum toxin injection has been used for achalasia treatment since 1994 and is traditionally considered the preferred treatment for fragile elder patients.

Impact of surgical approach and resection technique on the risk of Trifecta Failure after partial nephrectomy for highly complex renal masses.

Introduction: We aimed to compare the outcomes of open vs robotic partial nephrectomy (PN), focusing on predictors of Trifecta failure in patients with highly complex renal masses.

Patients And Methods: We queried the prospectively collected database from the SIB International Consortium, including 507 consecutive patients with cT1-2N0M0 renal masses treated at 16 high-volume referral centres, to select those with highly complex (PADUA score ≥10) tumors undergoing PN. RT was classified as enucleation, enucleoresection or resection according to the SIB score.

Pattern of sensitization to Juniperus oxycedrus 4EF-hand polcalcin, Jun o 4, compared with the 2EF-hand grass homolog Phl p 7 in a general Italian population of subjects suffering from pollinosis.

Cupressaceae pollen causes allergic reactions worldwide with long-lasting symptomatic periods. Currently, no cypress polcalcin is available for diagnostic purposes. With the aim to investigate the pattern of sensitization to a cypress polcalcin, a synthetic gene of Jun o 4, the Juniperus oxycedrus 4EF-hand polcalcin, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.