Oral health care provision systems in the Black Sea countries: part 15 Georgia.

This paper describes how oral health care delivery is organized in the country of Georgia in 2013. It also describes the dental workforce, detailing the number of dentists in dental specialties. A section on dental education both at undergraduate as well as post-graduate levels follows.

Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a new self-adhering flowable resin composite.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel and the distribution of failure modes of brackets bonded using a new self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise Flow, VF), with or without preliminary phosphoric acid etching (PAE).

Materials And Methods: Eighty extracted premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20): (1) etch-and-rinse adhesive (E&R), PAE/Transbond XT Primer/Transbond XT Paste (3M Unitek); (2) self-etch adhesive (SE), Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (3M Unitek)/Transbond XT Paste; (3) VF; (4) PAE/VF. In each group, 10 bracketed teeth were debonded within 30 min, while the remaining teeth were subjected to thermocycling before testing.

Epigenetic and phenotypic profile of fibroblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells offer a novel source of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. However, the biological potential of iPS-derived cells and their similarities to cells differentiated from human embryonic stem (hES) cells remain unclear. We derived fibroblast-like cells from two hiPS cell lines and show that their phenotypic properties and patterns of DNA methylation were similar to that of mature fibroblasts and to fibroblasts derived from hES cells.

Microtensile vs microshear bond strength of all-in-one adhesives to unground enamel.

Purpose: to determine the bond strength to unground enamel of all-in-one adhesives in comparison with an etch-andrinse system and to compare the reliability of microtensile and microshear methods in providing such measurements.

Materials And Methods: the bonding procedure was performed on enamel of 64 extracted molars. The tested all-inone adhesives were: Bond Force (Tokuyama), AdheSE One (Ivoclar-Vivadent), and Xeno V (Dentsply).

Influence of resin composite mechanical properties on adhesive microtensile bond strength to dentin.

Purpose: To determine the influence of mechanical properties of resin-based composites on the microtensile bond strength to dentin of all-in-one adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Microtensile bond strengths were measured with the non-trimming technique for the experimental groups: 1) Bond Force/Estelite Σ (Tokuyama); 2) G-Bond Plus (GC)/Estelite Σ; 3) Bond Force/Gradia Direct Anterior (GC);4) G-Bond Plus/Gradia Direct Anterior; 5) Bond Force/Gradia Direct LoFlo (GC); 6) G-Bond Plus/Gradia Direct LoFlo. The following mechanical properties of the resin-based composites were assessed: tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile elastic modulus, shear elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, Vicker's hardness, contraction stress.

In vitro evaluation of bonding effectiveness to dentin of all-in-one adhesives.

Objectives: The study was aimed at assessing the bonding potential of all-in-one adhesives to dentin.

Methods: The microtensile bond strength of the all-in-one adhesives Bond Force (Tokuyama), AdheSE One (Ivoclar-Vivadent), and Xeno V (Dentsply) was measured in comparison with the etch-and-rinse system XP Bond (Dentsply). The ultrastructural characteristics of dentin-adhesive interface were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).