The study of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking or waste water processes has become very popular in recent years. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool often used to determine pharmaceutical residues at trace level in water. However, many steps may disrupt the analytical procedure and bias the results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis research focuses on the identification and quantification of odorous components in rendering plant emissions by GC/MS and other analytical methods, as well as the description of phenomena occurring in biofilter in order to improve the removal efficiency of industrial biofilters. Among the 36 compounds quantified in the process air stream, methanethiol, isopentanal and hydrogen sulfide, presented the major odorous contributions according to their high concentrations, generally higher than 10 mg m(-3), and their low odorous detection thresholds. The elimination of such component mixtures by biofiltration (Peat packing material, EBRT: 113 s) was investigated and revealed that more than 83% of hydrogen sulfide and isopentanal were removed by biofilter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have established that odorous and stable chloraldimines are formed during amino acid chlorination in drinking water treatment. In order to identify at low level (10(-8) M) the presence of these odorous disinfection by-products in drinking water matrixes an analytical method was developed by using head space apparatus (HS) combined with a sorbent trap system linked to a GC with a mass spectrometer detector (HS/Trap/GC/MS). The analyses were carried out in three different drinking water supplies from the Paris area, during the four seasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChlorination reactions of glyphosate, glycine, and sodium cyanate were conducted in well-agitated reactors to generate experimental kinetic measurements for the simulation of chlorination kinetics under the conditions of industrial water purification plants. The contribution of different by-products to the overall degradation of glyphosate during chlorination has been identified. The kinetic rate constants for the chlorination of glyphosate and its main degradation products were either obtained by calculation according to experimental data or taken from published literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF