Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy dogs.

Objective: To develop a reference range for ultrasonographically measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD-US) in dogs. We hypothesized that ONSD-US can be measured reliably and is associated with weight but not age, sex, or body condition score (BCS), and that the relationship between weight and ONSD-US in dogs is allometric due to canine size variations.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Effect of the Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy on Intra-Articular Pressure Distribution and Contact Mechanics of Congruent and Incongruent Canine Elbows Ex Vivo.

Objective: To determine the effects of the Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy (PAUL) on contact pressures of congruent and incongruent (short radius) canine elbows.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Unpaired normal cadaveric canine forelimbs (n=16).

CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER, AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES.

Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight.

Diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric volvulus in a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus).

Case Description: An 8-year-old male red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was evaluated with a 2-week history of vomiting and anorexia. Four days prior, the patient became refractory to medical management. The kangaroo was admitted for diagnostic testing and treatment including whole body CT, blood work, and emergency laparotomy.

Effect of ulnar ostectomy on intra-articular pressure mapping and contact mechanics of the congruent and incongruent canine elbow ex vivo.

Objective: To determine (1) the effect of elbow incongruity on contact mechanics and (2) the effect of treatment of this incongruity with 1 of 2 ulnar ostectomies in the canine elbow.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Unpaired cadaveric canine forelimbs (n = 17).

Cubital subchondral joint space width and CT osteoabsorptiometry in dogs with and without fragmented medial coronoid process.

Objective: To evaluate subchondral joint space width measurements (SJSW) and CT-osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM) measurements in the elbow of dogs with naturally occurring fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, and to compare these to normal dogs.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals: Large breed dogs <1 year of age (n = 15).

Evaluation of tibial torsion in Yorkshire Terriers with and without medial patellar luxation.

Objective: To determine if medial patellar luxation (MPL) in Yorkshire Terriers is associated with tibial torsion.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Animals: Yorkshire Terriers (n = 30; 60 tibiae).

Comparison of TPA, bone healing, and intra-articular screw placement using conventional nonlocked application of surgeon-contoured versus locked application of precontoured TPLO plates in dogs.

Objective: To determine the influence of conventional nonlocked application of surgeon-contoured (NL-SXc) and locked-hybrid application of precontoured (L-Pc)- TPLO plates on the tibial plateau angle (TPA) immediately postoperatively and longterm after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs as well as to evaluate their influence on the incidence of intra-articular screw placement and bone healing.

Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional, clinical study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 101) with cruciate ligament insufficiency that had TPLO.

Relationships among subgross anatomy, computed tomography, and histologic findings in dogs with disease localized to the pulmonary acini.

During computed tomography (CT), the appearance of disease involving the pulmonary acinus may be described using terms such as atelectasis, ground-glass opacity, or consolidation. These CT signs, however, have not been correlated with histologic findings in canine pulmonary disease. To facilitate interpretation of lung diseases by CT signs, our goals were to review the morphologic organization of the lung and evaluate the medical records of four dogs with different types of pulmonary acinar disease.

Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography for diagnosing small-intestinal mechanical obstruction in vomiting dogs.

A cross-sectional study was performed on acutely vomiting dogs to compare the accuracy of radiography and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of small-intestinal mechanical obstruction and to describe several radiographic and ultrasonographic signs to identify their contribution to the final diagnosis. The sample population consisted of 82 adult dogs and small-intestinal obstruction by foreign body was confirmed in 27/82 (33%) dogs by surgery or necropsy. Radiography produced a definitive result (obstructed or not obstructed) in 58/82 (70%) of dogs; ultrasonography produced a definitive result in 80/82 (97%) of dogs.

Imaging diagnosis--equine nasal septal thickening due to chronic chondritis.

We describe the use of computed tomography (CT) in a 6-year-old mare with upper airway obstruction due to an abnormally thick nasal septum. Upon CT imaging, multifocal, expansile cyst-like lesions were detected in the nasal septum. The histopathologic diagnosis was chronic dissecting chondritis.

Dyspnea caused by epiglottic retroversion in two dogs.

Case Description: An 8-year-old castrated male Boxer and a 10-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier were evaluated because of dyspnea. In both dogs, the dyspnea persisted after elongated soft palate resection.

Clinical Findings: Laryngoscopic examination revealed caudal displacement of the epiglottis into the rima glottidis in both dogs.

Endobronchial polyp derived from a myxosarcoma in the lung of a dog.

An endobronchial polyp was visible radiographically and bronchoscopically in an 11-year-old, mixed-breed dog with a persistent cough. The polyp was removed by traction. Initial histological examination suggested it was a myxomatous fibroma.

Relation between age, body weight, and medial retropharyngeal lymph node size in apparently healthy dogs.

The aims of this study were to determine the size of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in apparently healthy dogs using ultrasonography and to investigate relationships between body weight (1.8-59 kg), age (1.0-15 years), and medial retropharyngeal lymph node sizes (width, height, and length).

Radiographic evaluation of cardiac size in flying fox species (Pteropus rodricensis, P. hypomelanus, and P. vampyrus).

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a relatively common pathology in captive flying foxes (Pteropus spp.). The goal of this study was to establish quantitative reference range measurements that could be used to support a diagnosis of cardiac disease in these animals.

Association between frontal-sinus size and syringohydromyelia in small-breed dogs.

Objective: To determine whether frontal-sinus size is associated with syringohydromyelia.

Sample Population: Medical records and magnetic resonance images of 62 small-breed dogs.

Procedures: Medical records and magnetic resonance images were reviewed retrospectively for evaluation of frontal-sinus size and syringohydromyelia.

Treatment for a severe reaction to intravenous administration of diatrizoate in an anesthetized horse.

A mature horse developed acute signs of bronchoconstriction causing hypoxemia and hypercapnia during anesthesia for computerized tomography of the maxillary sinus after i.v. administration of diatrizoate contrast medium.

Diagnosis of a porto-azygous shunt using helical computed tomography angiography.

Congenital portosystemic shunts occur uncommonly in dogs. Conventional diagnostic methods either do not offer simultaneous diagnosis and anatomic characterization or require an invasive selective catheterization. Helical computed tomography (HCT) is a rapid, noninvasive means of acquiring cross-sectional images of any portion of the body.