A Dose-Escalation Study Demonstrates the Safety and Tolerability of Cellobiose in Healthy Subjects.

The disaccharide and innovative ingredient cellobiose, consisting of two -glucose molecules linked by a (1→4) bond is the main component of cellulose. Cellobiose can be used within a wide variety of foodstuffs and functional foods as a low-caloric bulking agent or as a substitute for lactose. For purposes of industrial large-scale production, cellobiose is produced by an enzymatic reaction in which sucrose and glucose are converted to cellobiose and fructose.

Rosa canina - Rose hip pharmacological ingredients and molecular mechanics counteracting osteoarthritis - A systematic review.

Background: The successful use of rose hip for the treatment of osteoarthritis is well documented. Several randomized placebo controlled double-blind studies, as mono or combination therapy, have demonstrated treatment efficacy as well as excellent tolerability.

Purpose: This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical effects of rose hip in osteoarthritis (OA).

[Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 - the medicinal yeast improves intestinal enzyme function].

Background: Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a probiotic medicinal yeast used in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. It has numerous effects, i. a.

CNCM I-745 Improves Intestinal Enzyme Function: A Trophic Effects Review.

Several properties of the probiotic medicinal yeast CNCM I-745 contribute to its efficacy to prevent or treat diarrhoea. Besides immunologic effects, pathogen-binding and anti-toxin effects, as well as positive effects on the microbiota, CNCM I-745 also has pronounced effects on digestive enzymes of the brush border membrane, known as trophic effects. The latter are the focus of this review.

Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 supports regeneration of the intestinal microbiota after diarrheic dysbiosis - a review.

The probiotic medicinal yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae HANSEN CBS 5926 (Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) is used for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Its action is based on multiple mechanisms, including immunological effects, pathogen-binding and antitoxinic effects, as well as effects on digestive enzymes. Correlated with these effects, but also due to its inherent properties, S.

Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Introduction: We report previously unpublished, early pilot studies performed with a brain-health food supplement containing a proprietary blend of 100 mg phosphatidylserine (PS) and 80 mg phosphatidic acid (PA) produced from soy lecithin.

Methods: Serum analysis after single PS+PA ingestion was performed in healthy volunteers. A 3-month double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the influence of three PS+PA capsules/day, (300 mg PS + 240 mg PA/day) or placebo on memory and mood in functioning, non-depressive elderly people with memory problems, using the Wechsler Memory Scale and the List of Depressive Symptoms.

Impaired synapse function during postnatal development in the absence of CALEB, an EGF-like protein processed by neuronal activity.

In an attempt to characterize the molecular components by which electric activity influences the development of synapses, we searched for cell surface proteins modulated by calcium influx and glutamate receptor activity. Here, we report that neuronal depolarization facilitates the conversion of CALEB, which results in a truncated transmembrane form with an exposed EGF domain. To characterize the role of CALEB in synapse development, synaptic features were investigated in slices of the colliculus superior from CALEB-deficient mice.

N-cadherin is essential for retinal lamination in the zebrafish.

N-cadherin is one of the major Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion proteins in the developing nervous system. Here, we analyze eye development in the zebrafish N-cadherin loss-of-function mutant parachute(paR2.10) (pac(paR2.

cGMP-mediated signaling via cGKIalpha is required for the guidance and connectivity of sensory axons.

Previous in vitro studies using cGMP or cAMP revealed a cross-talk between signaling mechanisms activated by axonal guidance receptors. However, the molecular elements modulated by cyclic nucleotides in growth cones are not well understood. cGMP is a second messenger with several distinct targets including cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI).