Method-Induced Differences of Energy Contributions in Women's Kayaking.

Context: Different relative aerobic energy contribution (W%) has been reported for the 2 women's Olympic kayaking disciplines (ie, 200 and 500 m).

Purpose: To investigate whether the adopted method of energy calculation influences the value of W% during kayaking time trials.

Methods: Eleven adolescent female kayakers (age 14 ± 1 y, height 172 ± 4 cm, body mass 65.

Musical agency reduces perceived exertion during strenuous physical performance.

Music is known to be capable of reducing perceived exertion during strenuous physical activity. The current interpretation of this modulating effect of music is that music may be perceived as a diversion from unpleasant proprioceptive sensations that go along with exhaustion. Here we investigated the effects of music on perceived exertion during a physically strenuous task, varying musical agency, a task that relies on the experience of body proprioception, rather than simply diverting from it.