The Kids Hurt App: Development and testing of a web-based, pain self-report app for First Nations youth.

Background: First Nations children and youth may have unique ways to convey their health needs that have not been recognized by health providers. This may contribute to the disparity between high rates of mental health and physical pain and the low rates of treatment for the conditions they experience. Evidence suggests a colonial history has resulted in poor experiences with the healthcare system, lack of trust with health providers and miscommunication between clinicians and patients.

Parenting pain away: Quasi-experimental study of an eHealth learning platform to evaluate acceptability, feasibility, and utilisation of parent-led pain management.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of an eHealth educational resource about infant procedural pain management, given during the prenatal period, on feasibility, acceptability, knowledge, self-efficacy, and involvement.

Background: Routine health care requires newborns to have painful procedures (e.g.

Impact of parent-targeted eHealth educational interventions on infant procedural pain management: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to determine whether electronic health (eHealth) educational interventions about infant procedural pain and pain management impact parental outcomes (eg, mental health, knowledge uptake), eHealth outcomes (eg, acceptance, use), and pain management outcomes (eg, parental involvement, infant pain response).

Introduction: Pain in infants is a common concern for parents. Routine postpartum care for infants in early life requires them to endure painful procedures, such as immunizations, yet infants often receive little to no pain management.

Involving families in the care of Indigenous infants: A philosophical exploration of Indigenous ways of knowing to inform nursing research and practice in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aims And Objectives: To explore the use of Indigenous philosophies and ways of knowing as a means to critique, understand and improve the care of Indigenous infants and families in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Background: The ability of health professionals to provide culturally safe and equitable care to Indigenous infants and their families can affect infant development and long-term health outcomes. Research suggests that family involvement in care benefits both the infant and their family, but there is limited research that addresses the experience of Indigenous families in the NICU and advances understanding of how nurses involve Indigenous families in their infants' care.

Clinical Strategies to Develop Connections, Promote Health and Address Pain From the Perspectives of Indigenous Youth, Elders, and Clinicians.

In this article we discuss findings from a community based, participatory action research study. The aim was to understand how Indigenous youth describe, experience, manage pain and hurt and how they seek care. A critical analysis guided by Two-Eyed Seeing and Medicine Wheel frameworks highlighted important clinical strategies for Indigenous youth to balance their health and reduce pain.

A balancing act: An interpretive description of healthcare providers' and families' perspective on the surgical experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Children with an autism spectrum disorder (autism) often have negative experiences within the surgical setting. We conducted individual interviews with 8 parents of children with autism who had recently undergone surgery, and 15 healthcare providers (HCPs) with experience caring for children with autism. We asked open-ended questions on the approaches used to support children with autism around the time of surgery, how effective they were, suggestions for improvement, and the barriers and facilitators to improvement.

Are we walking the talk of participatory Indigenous health research? A scoping review of the literature in Atlantic Canada.

Introduction: Participatory research involving community engagement is considered the gold standard in Indigenous health research. However, it is sometimes unclear whether and how Indigenous communities are engaged in research that impacts them, and whether and how engagement is reported. Indigenous health research varies in its degree of community engagement from minimal involvement to being community-directed and led.

Communities take the lead: exploring Indigenous health research practices through Two-Eyed Seeing & kinship.

or Two-Eyed Seeing (E/TES) is foundational in ensuring that Indigenous ways of knowing are respected, honoured, and acknowledged in health research practices with Indigenous Peoples of Canada. This paper will outline new knowledge gleaned from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and Chronic Pain Network funded Aboriginal Children's Hurt & Healing (ACHH) Initiative that embraces E/TES for respectful research. We share the ACHH exemplar to show how Indigenous community partners to address their health priorities by integrating cultural values of kinship and interconnectedness as essential components to enhance the process of community-led research.

How has Indigenous Health Research changed in Atlantic Canada over two decades? A scoping review from 2001 to 2020.

Introduction: Indigenous communities across Canada report that transformations in Indigenous health research are needed, where the benefits of research shift intentionally, collaboratively, and with transparency from the researchers directly to Indigenous communities and partners. Despite its challenges and potential for harm, research, if done ethically and with respect and partnership, can be a force for change and will strengthen the efficacy of data on Indigenous Peoples' health and wellbeing.

Purpose: To characterize the nature, range, and extent of Indigenous health research in Atlantic Canada, and to identify gaps.

The influence of breastfeeding on cortical and bio-behavioural indicators of procedural pain in newborns: Findings of a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: The objective of this study was to compare the influence of breastfeeding and 24% oral sucrose on pain-related electrophysiologic activity, bio-behavioural pain scores, physiologic recovery, and adverse events during heel lance.

Study Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Subjects: 39 full-term infants were randomized to receive breastfeeding or 0.

Co-creating better healthcare experiences for First Nations children and youth: The FIRST approach emerges from Two-Eyed seeing.

To achieve health, Indigenous people seek a life that balances mental, spiritual, emotional, and physical wellness, yet the scope of these four dimensions is not typically considered in the Western-based health system. Indigenous people experience ongoing pain and hurt in all these dimensions as a result of a colonial legacy that persists in current-day policy and care contexts. Exploring ways to support Indigenous people to embrace ways of being well and reducing chronic pain has not been a priority area in health research.

University Students' Self-Rated Health and Use of Health Services: A Secondary Analysis.

Background: University students belonging to various ethnic groups have specific health needs that influence their self-rated health and health service use.

Purpose: To examine which determinants of health serve as key predictors of self-rated health and health service use in a sample of ethnically diverse undergraduate students.

Methods: Data were abstracted from the (N = 10,512).

The impact of parent-targeted eHealth educational interventions on infant procedural pain management: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to determine if electronic health (eHealth) educational interventions for infant procedural pain and pain management impact parental outcomes (mental health outcomes, knowledge utilization outcomes, and parental involvement in care outcomes) and infant outcomes (morbidity outcomes, pain outcomes, health system outcomes).

Introduction: Pain in infants is a common concern for parents. Routine postpartum care for infants in early life requires them to endure painful procedures, yet infants often receive little to no pain management.

Sustained efficacy of kangaroo care for repeated painful procedures over neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Preterm neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit undergo frequent painful procedures daily, often without pain treatment, with associated long-term adverse effects. Maternal-infant skin-to-skin contact, or kangaroo care (KC), and sweet-tasting solutions such as sucrose are effective strategies to reduce pain during a single procedure; however, evidence of sustained efficacy over repeated procedures is limited. We aimed to determine the relative sustained efficacy of maternal KC, administered alone or in combination with 24% sucrose, to reduce behavioral pain intensity associated with routine neonatal procedures, compared with 24% sucrose alone.

Occurrence of and referral to specialists for pain-related diagnoses in First Nations and non-First Nations children and youth.

Background: Indigenous youth have higher rates of chronic health conditions interfering with healthy development, including high rates of ear, dental, chest and musculoskeletal pain, as well as headache, arthritis and mental health issues. This study explores differences in pain-related diagnoses in First Nations and non-First Nations children.

Methods: Data from a study population of age- and sex-matched First Nations and non-First Nations children and youth were accessed from a specific region of Atlantic Canada.

Creating a safe space for First Nations youth to share their pain.

Introduction: Indigenous children and youth may be quiet about the way they express their pain and hurt which is in contrast to how health professionals are trained to assess it.

Objectives: The aim was to understand how youth from 4 First Nation communities express pain using narratives and art-based methods to inform culturally appropriate assessment and treatment.

Methods: This qualitative investigation used a community-based participatory action methodology to recruit 42 youth between 8 and 17 years of age to share their perspectives of pain using ethnographic techniques including a Talking Circle followed by a painting workshop.

Describing the leadership capabilities of advanced practice nurses using a qualitative descriptive study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore advanced practice nurses' perceptions of their leadership capabilities.

Design: A qualitative descriptive methodology informed by a well-established leadership framework was used to explore advanced practice nurses' perceptions of their leadership.

Methods: Purposive sampling of advanced practice nurses working in tertiary acute care facilities in Eastern Canada was employed.

Factors affecting Korean neonatal nurses' pain care: Psychometric evaluation of three instruments.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean-language versions of Pain Knowledge and Use (PKU-K), Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions (CSACD-K), and Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS-K).

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 159 Korean nurses in seven neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The data were collected by surveying the nurses with the PKU-K, CSACD-K, and ECS-K.

Supporting Parents' Pain Care Involvement With Their Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Qualitative Interpretive Description.

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience pain from the disease, treatment, and procedures. Parents can be effective in managing their child's pain, but little is systematically known about how they do this. Appreciative inquiry was used to frame the study within a strengths-based lens and interpretive descriptive methods were used to describe pain sources, parents' pain care role, and key structures supporting parents pain care involvement.

Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 2: Neural correlates.

Aims: To determine if there are brain activity differences between paediatric intensive care nurses and allied health professionals during pain intensity rating tasks and test whether these differences are related to the population observed (infant or adult) and professional experience.

Background: The underestimation of patients' pain by healthcare professionals has generally been associated with patterns of change in neural response to vicarious pain, notably reduced activation in regions associated with affective sharing and increased activation in regions associated with regulation, compared with controls. Paediatric nurses, however, have recently been found to provide higher estimates of infants' pain in comparison to allied health controls, suggesting that changes in neural response of this population might be different than other health professionals.

Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 1: Behavioural and psychological correlates.

Aim: To determine if differences exist between paediatric intensive care nurses and allied health professionals in empathy, secondary trauma, burnout, pain exposure and pain ratings of self and others. Early and late career differences were also examined.

Background: Nurses are routinely exposed to patient pain expression.

Breast-Feeding Analgesia in Infants: An Update on the Current State of Evidence.

To provide an updated synthesis of the current state of the evidence for the effectiveness of breast-feeding and expressed breast milk feeding in reducing procedural pain in preterm and full-term born infants. A systematic search of key electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE) was completed. Of the 1032 abstracts screened, 21 were found eligible for inclusion.

Factors Affecting Korean Neonatal Infant Pain Care: Translation and Validation of Three Instruments.

This study aimed to translate three English-language instruments-Pain Knowledge and Use (PKU), Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions (CSACD), and Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS)-into Korean and evaluate the equivalence of the instrument versions. Three Korean translators and two senior reviewers translated the instruments' 56 items using a committee approach. Eight Korean experts evaluated the cultural relevance of the translated instruments using a content validity index (CVI), and 12 Korean neonatal nurses were interviewed to assess their understanding of items.

Staff Nurse Utilization of Kangaroo Care as an Intervention for Procedural Pain in Preterm Infants.

Background: Skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant, commonly referred to as Kangaroo Care (KC), has demonstrated efficacy as a pain-relieving strategy for infants, yet, it remains underutilized in clinical practice.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in neonatal intensive care unit staff nurse beliefs, utilization, and challenges related to practice change in implementing KC as an intervention for management of procedural pain in preterm infants between 2 time points.

Methods: Nurses who participated in a larger clinical trial examining the sustained efficacy of KC were asked to complete a questionnaire at 2 time points: 1- and 6 month(s) following study initiation.

Expression of pain among Mi'kmaq children in one Atlantic Canadian community: a qualitative study.

Background: First Nation children have the highest rates of pain-related conditions among Canadian children, yet there is little research on how this population expresses its pain or how and whether the pain is successfully treated. The aim of this study was to understand how Mi'kmaq children express pain and how others interpret it.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative ethnographic study in a large Canadian Mi'kmaq community using interviews and conversation sessions.