Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of pentagamavunon-0 against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in rats.

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of pentagamavunon-0(PGV-0) against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats.

Methods: The groups of animals were administered with PGV-0 at the doses 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.

Challenges for control of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia.

Taeniasis/cysticercosis has been reported from several provinces of Indonesia: Papua (=former Irian Jaya), Bali, North Sumatra, East Nusa Tenggara, South East Sulawesi, Lampung, North Sulawesi, Jakarta, West Kalimantan, and East Java. The highest level of endemicity of taeniasis/cysticercosis has been found in Papua. Recent surveys in Jayawijaya District of Papua in 2000 and 2001 showed that 5 of 58 local people (8.

Taeniasis/cysticercosis in Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia.

Reports showed that an important parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica is found endemic in several areas of Indonesia including Papua, Bali and North Sumatra. At present it is known that the highest prevalence of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia, caused by T. solium is among the indigenous communities in Papua (formerly Irian Jaya).

Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Bali and North Sumatra, Indonesia.

It has been reported that three human Taenia species are distributed in Indonesia: Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica and Taenia saginata. T. asiatica is well known in North Sumatra, especially on Samosir island in Lake Toba.

Cysticercosis/taeniasis in Asia and the Pacific.

Three taeniid tapeworms infect humans in Asia and the Pacific: Taenia solim, Taenia saginata, and Taenia asiatica. Although there is continuing debate about the definition of a new species, phylogenetic analyses of these parasites have provided multiple lines of evidence that T. asiatica is an independent species and the sister species of T.

Recent advances in basic and applied science for the control of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Asia.

Detection of seven specific bands by immunoblot (IB) using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by lentil-lectin affinity chromatography has been the gold-standard for neurocysticercosis (NCC) serodiagnosis since 1989. However, due to the presence of contaminants, it was impossible to apply the GPs to ELISA. Our group at Asahikawa Medical College (AMC) succeeded in purifying the GPs by preparative isoelectric focusing; these higher quality GPs were suitable for ELISA.

High Toxoplasma antibody prevalence among inhabitants in Jakarta, Indonesia.

We examined IgG antibody to Toxoplasma in sera from 1,693 inhabitants aged 20-85 years in Jakarta. The seroprevalence rate was 70%, without any significant differences between males (71%) and females (69%). Some epidemiological factors contributing to the high prevalences of antibody to Toxoplasma in inhabitants of urban areas in Indonesia were discussed.

Multiple genotypes of Taenia solium--ramifications for diagnosis, treatment and control.

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Taenia solium have fully been analyzed. Analysis of the full length of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (1620 bp) and cytochrome b (1068 bp) genes of T. solium, isolated from Asia (China, Thailand, Indonesia and India), from Latin America (Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil) and from Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique and Cameroon), has revealed that the two phylogenies obtained were similar to each other regardless of the genes examined.

Intestinal parasitic infections in Bekasi district, West Java, Indonesia and a comparison of the infection rates determined by different techniques for fecal examination.

This study was undertaken to determine the current status of intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in West Java, Indonesia, and to compare the infection rates obtained by three different methods of fecal examination. A total of 285 fecal samples were collected from 131 males and 154 females at a junior high school. Samples were brought to the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, and were examined for parasites by the Kato-Katz thick smear method (K-K).

Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Papua, Indonesia in 2001: detection of human worm carriers.

A preliminary study to detect human worm carriers of Taenia solium in Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia was carried out using stool examinations for the detection of copro-antigens and adult proglottids after chemotherapy, and confirmation by mitochondrial DNA analysis using expelled proglottids and metacestodes developed in NOD/Shi-scid mice from eggs of expelled proglottids. Approximately 8.6% of the local population in Kama (5/58), 1 km from the local capital city centre, Wamena, were confirmed to harbour adult T.

Cysticercosis/taeniasis: recent advances in serological and molecular diagnoses.

Serodiagnosis by immunoblot, using recombinant chimeric T. solium antigen and native glycoprotein antigens, has been applied for neurocysticercosis cases. Specific antibodies against both antigens were detected in serum samples from NCC patients involving multiple cysts in the brain, whereas it was not always easy to detect specific antibodies in NCC cases with a solitary cyst or calcified lesion(s).

Dogs as alternative intermediate hosts of Taenia solium in Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia confirmed by highly specific ELISA and immunoblot using native and recombinant antigens and mitochondrial DNA analysis.

Serology (ELISA and immunoblot) using native glycoproteins, affinity purified glycoproteins, and a recombinant antigen is known to be highly specific to Taenia solium cysticercosis in humans and pigs. These techniques were applied for dogs in the highly endemic area of cysticercosis in Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia. Analysis of dog sera by both ELISA and immunoblot revealed 7 of 64 dogs were highly positive.

Cysticercosis in Indonesia: epidemiological aspects.

Cysticercosis caused by the larval stage, cysticercus or cysticerci, of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium was recognized at first in Bali and in Paniai District, Irian Jaya (Papua), Indonesia in the 1970s. In the 1990s a rapid increase in the number of the cases of epileptic seizures and burns in Jayawijaya district, eastern Papua, was observed. There were a total of 1,120 new cases of burns (7.

Resurgence of cases of epileptic seizures and burns associated with cysticercosis in Assologaima, Jayawijaya, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, 1991-95.

Historically, neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by the larval stage, cysticercus or cysticerci, of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium was recognized in Paniai District, western Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia, in the early 1970s. In the 1990s, we observed a rapid increase in the number of cases of epileptic seizures and burns in Assologaima Sub-District, Jayawijaya District, eastern Irian Jaya. There were totals of 1120 new cases of burns and 293 new cases of epileptic seizures during 1991-95 in Assologaima where the number of inhabitants was 15,939.

ELISA and immunoblot using purified glycoproteins for serodiagnosis of cysticercosis in pigs naturally infected with Taenia solium.

The establishment of reliable serological methods for cysticercosis in pigs is important for the surveillance, control and prevention of taeniosis/cysticercosis in humans as well as in pigs to prevent economic loss. Both ELISA and immunoblot using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by a single step of preparative iso-electric focusing, which are highly useful for human cysticercosis, have been applied for a serological study in pigs naturally infected with Taenia solium. All sera from pigs showed similar responses to those in human cysticercosis.

The effect of intervention methods on nutritional status and cognitive function of primary school children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides.

The prevalence rate of ascariasis in primary school children in northern Jakarta, Indonesia varies from 60% to 90%. An association between helminthic infection and educational achievement has long been recognized. This study was carried out in the northern part of Jakarta among primary school children 6-8 years of age.

Oxantel-pyrantel pamoate for the treatment of soil-transmitted helminths.

A mixture of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate was given to 147 primary school children. A single daily dose of 15 mg per kg body weight was administered to cases with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. The same single daily dose was given for three consecutive days to 10 cases with hookworm infections.

Hookworm in dogs and cats in the area of Jakarta.

An investigation of the distribution and prevalence of hookworms in dogs and cats was carried out during the year 1976 in the area of Jakarta. Sixty-eight percent of the dogs harboured A. caninum, whereas 37% harboured A.

Gnathostoma spinigerum from the cervix of a woman in Jakarta.

A male Gnathostoma spinigerum was removed from the cervix of a 29-year-old Jakarta resident who suffered from chronic cervicitis. The worm was 6.7 mm in length and had eight rows of spines on the cephalic bulb.

Cysticercosis cerebri in Irian Jaya. A case report.

A case is presented in which epilepsy was caused by diffuse involvement of cysticerci in the cortical layer of both cerebral hemispheres. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. In the area of Irian Jaya cerebral cysticercosis should always be taken into consideration as the possible cause of epilepsy.

Burns and epileptic fits associated with cysticercosis in mountain people of Irian Jaya.

The number of patients with burns, admitted to the hospital in Enarotali, Central highlands of Irian Jaya, New Guinea, Indonesia, markedly increased during the last years. Before 1973 only a few cases were hospitalized whereas from 1973 to 1976 157 cases were admitted. Most of the burns (74.