Hemorrhagic recurrence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration not predicted by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To report a case in which a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration developed a large submacular hemorrhage 2 days after spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging, which revealed no intra- or subretinal fluid.

Methods: A noninterventional case report.

Results: A 93-year-old woman with neovascular age-related macular degeneration was seen for a regular follow-up examination 3 years after treatment with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in which lesion quiescence was achieved.

Outer retinal tubulation: a novel optical coherence tomography finding.

Objective: To describe tubular structures found in the outer retina seen in a variety of retinal disorders.

Methods: Sixty-nine eyes of 63 patients were examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography C-scans were correlated with their corresponding B-scans.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy, a disease attributed to increased choroidal vascular hyperpermeability.

Methods: Patients with central serous chorioretinopathy underwent enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, which was obtained by positioning a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device close enough to the eye to acquire an inverted image. Seven sections, each comprising 100 averaged scans, were obtained within a 5 degrees x 30 degrees rectangle to encompass the macula.

Inhibitors of slit protein interactions with the heparan sulphate proteoglycan glypican-1: potential agents for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

1. The heparan sulphate proteoglycan glypican-1 is a major high-affinity ligand of the Slit proteins. 2.

Long tandem repeats as a form of genomic copy number variation: structure and length polymorphism of a chromosome 5p repeat in control and schizophrenia populations.

Objectives: Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) are a major form of variation in the human genome and play an etiologic role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Tandem repeats, particularly with long (>50 bp) repeat units, are a relatively common yet underexplored type of CNV that may significantly contribute to human genomic variation and disease risk. We therefore carried out a pilot experiment to explore the potential role of long tandem repeats as risk factors in psychiatric disorders.

Chemical approaches to nuclear receptors in metabolism.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored a workshop, "Chemical Approaches to Nuclear Receptors and Metabolism," in April 2009 to explore how chemical and molecular biology and physiology can be exploited to further our understanding of nuclear receptor structure, function, and role in disease. Signaling cascades involving nuclear receptors are more complex and interrelated than once thought. Nuclear receptors continue to be attractive targets for drug discovery.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: To measure macular choroidal thickness (CT) in highly myopic eyes using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Enhanced depth imaging OCT images were obtained in highly myopic eyes (> or =6 diopters [D]).

SMC5 and MMS21 are required for chromosome cohesion and mitotic progression.

Members of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein family have essential functions during mitosis, ensuring chromosome condensation (SMC2/4) and cohesion (SMC1/3). The SMC5/6 complex has been implicated in a variety of DNA maintenance processes but unlike the other SMC proteins, SMC5/6 have not been attributed any role in mitosis. Here, we find that ablation of either SMC5 or the SUMO-ligase MMS21 leads to premature sister chromatid separation prior to anaphase.

Neuropsychiatric disorders: The choice of antipsychotics in schizophrenia.

In light of claims of improved efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects compared with older drugs, second-generation antipsychotics have emerged as the predominant treatment for schizophrenia. A new meta-analysis concludes that the difference in efficacy between newer and older agents is small, and the current classification scheme for antipsychotics does not survive close scrutiny.

Molecular distinctions between Aurora A and B: a single residue change transforms Aurora A into correctly localized and functional Aurora B.

Aurora A and Aurora B, paralogue mitotic kinases, share highly similar primary sequence. Both are important to mitotic progression, but their localizations and functions are distinct. We have combined shRNA suppression with overexpression of Aurora mutants to address the cause of the distinction between Aurora A and Aurora B.

Prevalence of anxiety disorders and anxiety subtypes in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but are not well characterized. This study determined the prevalence and clinical correlates of all DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder diagnoses in a sample of 127 subjects with idiopathic PD who underwent comprehensive assessments administered by a psychiatrist and neurologist. A panel of six psychiatrists with expertise in geriatric psychiatry and/or movement disorders established by consensus all psychiatric diagnoses.

Minireview: Evolution of NURSA, the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas.

Nuclear receptors and coregulators are multifaceted players in normal metabolic and homeostatic processes in addition to a variety of disease states including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Over the past 7 yr, the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) research consortium has worked toward establishing a discovery-driven platform designed to address key questions concerning the expression, organization, and function of these molecules in a variety of experimental model systems. By applying powerful technologies such as quantitative PCR, high-throughput mass spectrometry, and embryonic stem cell manipulation, we are pursuing these questions in a series of transcriptomics-, proteomics-, and metabolomics-based research projects and resources.

A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes.

Purpose: To measure macular choroidal thickness in normal eyes at different points using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate the association of choroidal thickness and age.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: EDI OCT images were obtained in patients without significant retinal or choroidal pathologic features.

Quantifying avoided fuel use and emissions from solar photovoltaic generation in the Western United States.

The electric power system in the Western United States was simulated to evaluate the potential of solar photovoltaics (PV) in reducing fossil-fuel use and associated emissions. The simulations used a utility production cost model to evaluate a series of PV penetrations where up to 10% of the region's electricity is derived from PV. The analysis focused on California, which uses gas for a large fraction of its generation and Colorado, which derives most of its electricity from coal.

Neuropsychological deficits in Huntington's disease gene carriers and correlates of early "conversion".

The authors examined whether the baseline cognitive functioning of 21 clinically normal huntingtin mutation carriers who developed manifest Huntington's disease on follow-up differed from that of 49 mutation carriers who remain asymptomatic over the same period in a longitudinal study. One hundred thirty-four gene-negative offspring of Huntington's disease patients were studied as well. Overall, there were no differences in cognitive test performance among the three groups.

Jewish immigrant encounters with Canada's Native Peoples: Yiddish writings on Tekahionwake.

During the mass Jewish immigration of Eastern-European Jews to Canada in the first decades of the twentieth century, Yiddish publications offered a primary forum for a group of local writers to negotiate with their new identities as Canadian Jews. Within this wider process, Montreal writers H.M.

Automated pure-tone audiometry: an analysis of capacity, need, and benefit.

Purpose: The rationale for automating pure-tone audiometry based on the need for hearing tests and the capacity of audiologists to provide testing is presented. The personnel time savings from automated testing are analyzed. Some possible effects of automated testing on the profession are explored.

Teaching integrated behavioral health in a primary care clerkship.

Background: Most behavioral health care is actually delivered by primary care physicians. Primary care clerkship students have a unique opportunity to learn about behavioral health and the integrated care model. Integrated care is an effective multidisciplinary model for delivering high quality care.

Distribution of hearing loss characteristics in a clinical population.

Objectives: This study was designed to characterize a large database of audiometric records from an academic health center Audiology clinic for the purpose of determining the distributions of hearing loss configuration, severity, and site of lesion.

Design: : Using AMCLASS, a validated tool for classifying audiograms described in a previous report, the audiometric configuration, severity, and site of lesion was determined for patients grouped according to the completeness of the audiometric record. Complete air conduction testing at six octave frequencies in both ears was required for inclusion.

Asymmetric hearing loss: definition, validation, and prevalence.

Hypothesis: An algorithm for identifying asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) can be constructed that performs as well or better than expert judges.

Background: AMCLASS is a method for classifying audiograms based on configuration, severity, site of lesion, and interaural asymmetry. The development and clinician validation for all but asymmetry were reported separately.

Diagnostic vitrectomy for the diagnosis and management of posterior uveitis of unknown etiology.

Purpose Of Review: Diagnostic vitrectomy is performed in cases of posterior segment inflammation that are suspicious for malignancy or infection and require tissue confirmation. Advances in vitrectomy technique and laboratory tests have improved the diagnostic yield in these challenging cases. The methods for obtaining vitreous specimens and the diagnostic tests used to analyze them are discussed.

Complex Complexes: Report of an NIDDK Workshop on Coactivators and Corepressors, Bethesda, USA, 15-16 December 1998.

Exciting new observations about receptor-interacting and nuclear accessory proteins and their ability to regulate gene expression have provided insight into hormonal regulation of gene expression. The goal of a recent NIDDK workshop was to discuss how diverse signaling pathways could converge on target genes and provide regulatory input to either activate or repress transcription.