Tumor upstaging in invasive melanoma is associated with changes in clinical management and worse prognosis.

Background: The clinical implications and prognostic outcomes associated with tumor upstaging in invasive melanoma have not been well established.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of tumor upstaging in invasive melanoma, identify risk factors, and assess its impact on clinical management and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study using data from a statewide Surveillance Endpoints and End Results-affiliated cancer registry between 2014 and 2018 was performed.

Clinical Versus Histologic Margins for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparing Outcomes for High-Risk Tumors Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Background: High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Traditionally, preoperative clinical tumor size ≥2 cm, based on Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) staging criteria, is high risk.

Objective: To compare outcomes of cSCC treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with a preoperative size ≥2 cm (clinically ≥2 cm) versus cSCC with preoperative size <2 cm and postoperative defect size ≥2 cm (histologically ≥2 cm).

Lasers for the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Lasers may present an alternative treatment modality for the management of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

Objective: To investigate lasers as a definitive treatment of NMSC.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the National Institutes of Health ( www.

A systematic review on the lipid composition of human hair.

Hair lipid composition varies by ethnic hair type and by hair layer. Lipids in the cuticle, cortex, and medulla of the hair shaft provide a protective barrier to environmental and chemical damage, prevent hair breakage and desorption, and affect the elastic and tensile properties of hair. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the lipid composition and ethnic differences of human hair, effects of external damage on lipid content and properties, and changes in hair lipid composition associated with disease states.

Microneedling for the Treatment of Scars: An Update for Clinicians.

Background: Microneedling (MN) is used for the treatment of scars, amongst other indications. Although used in Asia and the Middle East for decades, related to the supposed lack of post-procedure pigmentary alterations even in darker skin types, MN only recently gained attention in the United States as an effective, well-tolerated aesthetic treatment.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of the Medline database was completed using search terms "microneedle" or "microneedling" or "micro needle" or "micro needling" and "scar".

Vaginal Rejuvenation: A Retrospective Review of Lasers and Radiofrequency Devices.

Background: Vaginal rejuvenation is a topic of interest to multiple specialties, including dermatologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, urologists, and gynecologists. Evidence suggests that minimally invasive, energy-based devices-radiofrequency and laser therapy-are effective at vaginal tightening and decreasing symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and/or vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was completed using PubMed in November 2018 with search terms "vaginal" or "vagina" and "rejuvenation" or "tightening" or "laxity" or "radiofrequency" or "laser," as well as "genitourinary syndrome of menopause," "pelvic prolapse," "atrophic vaginitis," "vulvovaginal atrophy," "sexual function," "urinary incontinence," and "radiofrequency" or "laser.

The Utility of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Alopecia.

Importance: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a novel therapy for alopecia. Although the use of PRP remains under investigation, medical practitioners administer PRP for hair regrowth without quantitative evidence of clinical results. Objective: Systematically review literature regarding PRP for alopecia.

Identifying and characterizing basal cell carcinomas in persons with albinism.

Background: Historically, persons with albinism (PWA) were thought to develop squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) more frequently than basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Recent evidence suggests BCCs in PWA are more common than initially hypothesized.

Objective: To characterize the presentation of BCC in PWA.

Subcutaneous Radiofrequency Microneedling for the Treatment of Thigh Skin Laxity Caused by Weight Loss: A Case Study.

Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling has been used to reduce skin laxity, due to aging, on the face and neck. Our objective for this case study was to evaluate the use of RF in combination with microneedling to nonsurgically improve skin laxity, a result of significant weight loss, on the thighs of a 39-year-old woman. Two sessions of subcutaneous RF microneedling were performed five months apart on the patient's bilateral medial thighs.

The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of alopecia.

Hair loss encompasses a group of scarring and nonscarring diseases with limited treatment options. Understanding the pathogenesis of alopecias has led to the experimental use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi). To perform a systematic review of literature surrounding the use of PDEi for alopecia.

The role of oral vitamins and supplements in the management of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by disruption of epidermal barrier function and aberrant immune response to antigens. Current therapies focus on symptom management by restoring epidermal barrier function with emollients and reducing inflammation. Given the prevalence of "steroid phobia" and reported dissatisfaction with first-line therapies, oral vitamins and supplements have been proposed as promising complementary and alternative therapies.

The Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil for Non-Scarring Alopecia: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Topical minoxidil is the first-line therapy for treating both male and female androgenetic alopecia. Currently there are no comprehensive reviews on the clinical efficacy of minoxidil on hair loss. Method: A literature search was conducted to identify clinically relevant studies regarding the efficacy of topical minoxidil for human subjects for hair loss.

Topical ketoconazole: a systematic review of current dermatological applications and future developments.

Although labeling changes and market withdrawal have been implemented for oral ketoconazole (KTZ) due to serious adverse effects (AEs), topical KTZ is generally thought to be effective and safe for the treatment of superficial fungal infections. New dermatologic indications for the use of topical KTZ have arisen such as onychomycosis, blepharitis, and hair loss. This article aims to review the literature on topical KTZ's efficacy and AEs, as well as provide an overview on current insights regarding its mechanism of action and upcoming developments.

Does Complement Have a Role in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata?

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder in which immune attack of the anagen follicle causes hair loss in approximately 2% of the population. Although the pathogenesis of AA has not been fully determined, most likely it is mediated by a variety of factors including cellular/humoral immunity and genetic predisposition. Researchers have been interested in the possible role of the complement pathway in AA since the 1970s.

The role of systemic treatments for skin lightening.

Background: Pigmentation of the skin occurs as a result of increased melanin production or deposition due to various reasons including age, hormonal imbalances, endocrine disease, inflammation, and/or exposure to damaging radiation, resulting in dermatologic conditions such as lentigines, melasma, or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Although numerous topical therapies exist for skin lightening, they are limited by efficacy and pigmentation recurrence after treatment cessation. New research into systemic therapies for hyperpigmentation has been promising.

Examining the Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Filler With Integral Lidocaine in Correcting Volume Loss of the Jawline-A Pilot Study.

Background: Patients seek 3-dimensional volume restoration of the jawline to obtain a "defined" line. Injection of filler into the jawline is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration; however, dermatologists have injected this area with positive results, minimal adverse events, and high patient satisfaction.

Objective: This study explores the efficacy of premixed calcium hydroxylapatite filler with integral lidocaine [CaHA(+)] to correct volume defects of the jawline.