Does needle clogging change the spatial distribution of injected drug in tissue? New insights by X-ray computed tomography.

Prefilled syringes (PFS) are primary packaging materials that offer convenience and safety for subcutaneous injection of parenteral drug solutions. However, an increasingly common problem with the trend towards higher drug concentrations is the clogging of the needle during storage due to evaporative water loss and consequent solidification of the drug. In contrast to all previous studies on this topic, this work focuses on pharmacokinetically relevant aspects and investigates the effects of needle clogging on the spatial distribution of the injected drug in the tissue.

Unraveling Pre-filled Syringe Needle Clogging: Exploring a Fresh Outlook Through Innovative Techniques.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the movement of liquid in the needle region of staked-in-needle pre-filled syringes using neutron imaging and synchrotron X-ray tomography. The objective was to gain insights into the dynamics of liquid presence and understand the factors contributing to needle clogging.

Methods: Staked-in-needle pre-filled syringes were examined using neutron radiography and synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography.

Multi-resolution X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field tomography of human cerebellum with near-field speckles.

In this study, we use synchrotron-based multi-modal X-ray tomography to examine human cerebellar tissue in three dimensions at two levels of spatial resolution (2.3 µm and 11.9 µm).

Unraveling the role of TGFβ signaling in thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection using Fbn1 mutant mouse models.

Although abnormal TGFβ signaling is observed in several heritable forms of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections including Marfan syndrome, its precise role in aortic disease progression is still disputed. Using a mouse genetic approach and quantitative isobaric labeling proteomics, we sought to elucidate the role of TGFβ signaling in three Fbn1 mutant mouse models representing a range of aortic disease from microdissection (without aneurysm) to aneurysm (without rupture) to aneurysm and rupture. Results indicated that reduced TGFβ signaling and increased mast cell proteases were associated with microdissection.

Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of the Aortic Hemodynamics in Adult Zebrafish: A Pilot Study Based on Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography.

Objective: The zebrafish is increasingly used as a small animal model for cardiovascular disease, including vascular disorders. Nevertheless, a comprehensive biomechanical understanding of the zebrafish cardiovascular circulation is still lacking and possibilities for phenotyping the zebrafish heart and vasculature at adult - no longer optically transparent - stages are limited. To improve these aspects, we developed imaging-based 3D models of the cardiovascular system of wild-type adult zebrafish.

Brittle fracture studied by ultra-high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction imaging.

investigations of cracks propagating at up to 2.5 km s along an (001) plane of a silicon single crystal are reported, using X-ray diffraction megahertz imaging with intense and time-structured synchrotron radiation. The studied system is based on the Smart Cut process, where a buried layer in a material (typically Si) is weakened by microcracks and then used to drive a macroscopic crack (10 m) in a plane parallel to the surface with minimal deviation (10 m).

Corrigendum: X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography Serves Preclinical Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.

X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography Serves Preclinical Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

We report a qualitative study on central nervous system (CNS) damage that demonstrates the ability of X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) to confirm data obtained with standard 2D methodology and permits the description of additional features that are not detected with 2D or other 3D techniques. In contrast to magnetic resonance or computed tomography, XPCT makes possible the high-resolution 3D imaging of soft tissues classically considered "invisible" to X-rays without the use of additional contrast agents, or without the need for intense processing of the tissue required by 2D techniques. Most importantly for studies of CNS diseases, XPCT enables a concomitant multi-scale 3D biomedical imaging of neuronal and vascular networks ranging from cells through to the CNS as a whole.

Author Correction: Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Auditory chain reaction: Effects of sound pressure and particle motion on auditory structures in fishes.

Despite the diversity in fish auditory structures, it remains elusive how otolith morphology and swim bladder-inner ear (= otophysic) connections affect otolith motion and inner ear stimulation. A recent study visualized sound-induced otolith motion; but tank acoustics revealed a complex mixture of sound pressure and particle motion. To separate sound pressure and sound-induced particle motion, we constructed a transparent standing wave tube-like tank equipped with an inertial shaker at each end while using X-ray phase contrast imaging.

Supervised deep learning for real-time quality monitoring of laser welding with X-ray radiographic guidance.

Laser welding is a key technology for many industrial applications. However, its online quality monitoring is an open issue due to the highly complex nature of the process. This work aims at enriching existing approaches in this field.

Ultra-high-speed indirect x-ray imaging system with versatile spatiotemporal sampling capabilities.

A new generation of cameras has made ultra-high-speed x-ray imaging at synchrotron light sources a reality, revealing never-before-seen details of sub-surface transient phenomena. We introduce a versatile indirect imaging system capable of capturing-for the first time-hundreds of sequential x-ray pulses in 16-bunch mode at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, recording at 5.68 Mfps over dozens of microseconds, with an effective exposure of 100 ps.

Towards a practical implementation of X-ray ghost imaging with synchrotron light.

An experimental procedure for transmission X-ray ghost imaging using synchrotron light is presented. Hard X-rays from an undulator were divided by a beamsplitter to produce two copies of a speckled incident beam. Both beams were simultaneously measured on an indirect pixellated detector and the intensity correlation between the two copies was used to retrieve the ghost image of samples placed in one of the two beams, without measuring the samples directly.

In-situ visualization of sound-induced otolith motion using hard X-ray phase contrast imaging.

Regarding the basics of ear structure-function relationships in fish, the actual motion of the solid otolith relative to the underlying sensory epithelium has rarely been investigated. Otolith motion has been characterized based on a few experimental studies and on approaches using mathematical modeling, which have yielded partially conflicting results. Those studies either predicted a simple back-and-forth motion of the otolith or a shape-dependent, more complex motion.

MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation.

Third generation synchrotron light sources offer high photon flux, partial spatial coherence, and ~10 s pulse widths. These enable hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) with single-bunch temporal resolutions. In this work, we exploited the MHz repetition rates of synchrotron X-ray pulses combined with indirect X-ray detection to demonstrate the potential of XPCI with millions of frames per second multiple-frame recording.

Fluence Threshold Behaviour on Ablation and Bubble Formation in Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids.

The ablation yield and bubble-formation process during nanosecond pulsed-laser ablation of silver in water are analysed by stroboscopic videography, time-resolved X-ray radiography and in situ UV/Vis spectroscopy. This process is studied as function of lens-target distance and laser fluence. Both the ablation yield and the bubble-cavitation process exhibit threshold behaviour as a function of fluence, which is linked to the efficiency of coupling of energy at the water/target interface.