An in vitro study on the influence of laser-activated irrigation on infiltration and leakage of a dual curing-resin cement as an endodontic sealer.

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the effects of laser-activated irrigation on infiltration and microleakage of a dual-curing resin cement applied as a root canal sealer.

Methods: Thirty-eight extracted upper molars were attributed to four experimental groups. Roots were mechanically enlarged and disinfected (NaOCl).

Evaluating the use of self-conditioning adhesive combined with dual curing resin cement as an endodontic sealer: An in vitro study.

Objectives: To compare infiltration, sealing and microleakage in root dentin with a self-conditioning adhesive system combined with dual curing resin (resin-based cement) to a conventional epoxy-resin-based sealer using confocal microscopy imaging.

Methods: 26 roots were enlarged and disinfected. Dentin tubules of 24 teeth were labelled with a red fluorophore (Rhodamine B) (two samples served as controls).

An in-vitro study on effects of laser activation on dye penetration in human root dentin.

Objective: To evaluate the penetration of a dye in root dentin after activation with different laser wavelengths.

Materials: Palatal roots of 38 human molars were enlarged and disinfected. Irrigation activation was performed with an Er:YAG laser: @50 mJ, 15 Hz (Er:YAG); a 9.

Activation of endodontic irrigants using a 9.3 µm CO₂ and diode lasers: A laboratory proof of concept model.

Purpose: To investigate the differences between irrigant propagation and temperature changes using laser-activated irrigation (LAI) at different settings in an artificial root canal model.

Methods: Using an artificial resin root canal model, irrigant activation was achieved in 19 experimental groups with eight samples each. A 9,300 nm CO₂ laser, two diode lasers with different settings (wavelengths 455, 808, 970, and 980 nm) were compared to 2,940 nm Er:YAG laser and traditional needle irrigation.

3D-printed TCP-HA scaffolds delivering MicroRNA-302a-3p improve bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial model.

Objective: To demonstrate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with cationic functional molecules. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (HA-NPs-APTES) carrying microRNA-302a-3p (miR) in the 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate/Hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) scaffold can increase healing of the critical-sized bone defect.

Materials And Methods: 3D-printed TCP/HA were modified with HA-NPs-APTES by two methods (M1, M2).

Micromorphology of Root Canal Walls After Laser Activated Irrigation.

This study aims to investigate the effects of laser-activated irrigation on root canal dentin using different laser wavelengths. Sixty-six roots were prepared and split longitudinally. First, lasers with different power settings were tested on 34 samples, pre-etched with phosphoric acid, or remaining with a smear-layer to determine the test parameters.

Alveolar ridge augmentation with 3D-printed synthetic bone blocks: A clinical case series.

This report documents the clinical and histological outcome of 3D-printed calcium phosphate blocks placed in two-stage procedures to successfully rehabilitate atrophic alveolar ridges. This approach yielded a functionally favorable result. Histological evaluations were performed after healing periods of 6 months and showed ongoing bone regeneration and sprouting capillaries.

Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells within a Gelatin Matrix Acquire Enhanced Regenerative and Angiogenic Properties: A Pre-Clinical Study for Application to Chronic Wounds.

This study evaluates the influence of a gelatin sponge on adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC). Transcriptomic data revealed that, compared to ASC in a monolayer, a cross-linked porcine gelatin sponge strongly influences the transcriptome of ASC. Wound healing genes were massively regulated, notably with the inflammatory and angiogenic factors.

Delivery of microRNA-302a-3p by APTES modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro.

Objective: To demonstrate the miRNA delivery by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with APTES (HA-NPs-APTES) and promote osteogenic gene expression.

Materials And Methods: Osteosarcoma cells (HOS, MG-63) and primary human mandibular osteoblasts (HmOBs) were co-cultured with HA-NPs-APTES conjugated with miRNA-302a-3p. Resazurin reduction assay was performed to evaluate HA-NPs-APTES biocompatibility.

Identification of Type-H-like Blood Vessels in a Dynamic and Controlled Model of Osteogenesis in Rabbit Calvarium.

Angiogenesis and bone regeneration are closely interconnected processes. Whereas type-H blood vessels are abundantly found in the osteogenic zones during endochondral long bone development, their presence in flat bones' development involving intramembranous mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that type-H-like capillaries that highly express CD31 and Endomucin (EMCN), may be present at sites of intramembranous bone development and participate in the control of osteogenesis.

Evaluation of the Validity of Digital Optical Microscopy in the Assessment of Marginal Adaptation of Dental Adhesive Interfaces.

Analysis of marginal adaptation of dental adhesive interfaces using scanning electron microscopy has proven to be a powerful nondestructive method to evaluate the quality of adhesion. This methodology is, however, time-consuming and needs expensive equipment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility and efficiency of using a digital optical microscope (DOM) to perform marginal analysis and to compare it with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.

Pre-Treat Xenogenic Collagenous Blocks of Bone Substitutes with Saline Facilitate Their Manipulation and Guarantee High Bone Regeneration Rates, Qualitatively and Quantitatively.

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral particles embedded in collagen (DBBM-C) are widely used for bone regenerations with excellent, albeit sometimes variable clinical outcomes. Clinicians usually prepare DBBM-C by mixing with blood. Replacing blood by saline represents an alternative.

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials.

The basic principle of the rabbit calvarial model is to grow new bone tissue vertically on top of the cortical part of the skull. This model allows assessment of bone substitution materials for oral and craniofacial bone regeneration in terms of bone growth and neovascularization support. Once animals are anesthetized and ventilated (endotracheal intubation), four cylinders made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are screwed onto the skull, on both sides of the median and coronal sutures.

Translational research on clinically failed zirconia implants.

Objectives: To provide fractographic analysis of clinically fractured zirconia implants recovered with their cemented crown. To calculate bending moments, corresponding stress and crack onset location on the implant's fracture surface using a mathematical model integrating spatial coordinates of the crown-implant part and occlusal loading obtained from 2D and 3D images.

Methods: 15 fractured zirconia implants parts (11 posterior and 4 anterior) with their all- ceramic crowns still cemented on it were recovered.

G protein-gated IKACh channels as therapeutic targets for treatment of sick sinus syndrome and heart block.

Dysfunction of pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node (SAN) underlies "sick sinus" syndrome (SSS), a common clinical condition characterized by abnormally low heart rate (bradycardia). If untreated, SSS carries potentially life-threatening symptoms, such as syncope and end-stage organ hypoperfusion. The only currently available therapy for SSS consists of electronic pacemaker implantation.

Cardiac arrhythmia induced by genetic silencing of 'funny' (f) channels is rescued by GIRK4 inactivation.

The mechanisms underlying cardiac automaticity are still incompletely understood and controversial. Here we report the complete conditional and time-controlled silencing of the 'funny' current (If) by expression of a dominant-negative, non-conductive HCN4-channel subunit (hHCN4-AYA). Heart-specific If silencing caused altered [Ca(2+)]i release and Ca(2+) handling in the sinoatrial node, impaired pacemaker activity and symptoms reminiscent of severe human disease of pacemaking.

Zinc: an underappreciated modulatory factor of brain function.

The divalent cation, zinc is the second most abundant metal in the human body and is indispensable for life. Zinc concentrations must however, be tightly regulated as deficiencies are associated with multiple pathological conditions while an excess can be toxic. Zinc plays an important role as a cofactor in protein folding and function, e.

The G-protein-gated K+ channel, IKACh, is required for regulation of pacemaker activity and recovery of resting heart rate after sympathetic stimulation.

Parasympathetic regulation of sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity modulates multiple ion channels to temper heart rate. The functional role of the G-protein-activated K(+) current (IKACh) in the control of SAN pacemaking and heart rate is not completely understood. We have investigated the functional consequences of loss of IKACh in cholinergic regulation of pacemaker activity of SAN cells and in heart rate control under physiological situations mimicking the fight or flight response.

Upregulation of the hyperpolarization-activated current increases pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node and heart rate during pregnancy in mice.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a faster heart rate (HR), which is a risk factor for arrhythmias. However, the underlying mechanisms for this increased HR are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was performed to gain mechanistic insight into the pregnancy-induced increase in HR.

Functional roles of Ca(v)1.3, Ca(v)3.1 and HCN channels in automaticity of mouse atrioventricular cells: insights into the atrioventricular pacemaker mechanism.

The atrioventricular node controls cardiac impulse conduction and generates pacemaker activity in case of failure of the sino-atrial node. Understanding the mechanisms of atrioventricular automaticity is important for managing human pathologies of heart rate and conduction. However, the physiology of atrioventricular automaticity is still poorly understood.

Pacemaker activity and ionic currents in mouse atrioventricular node cells.

It is well established that Pacemaker activity of the sino-atrial node (SAN) initiates the heartbeat. However, the atrioventricular node (AVN) can generate viable pacemaker activity in case of SAN failure, but we have limited knowledge of the ionic bases of AVN automaticity. We characterized pacemaker activity and ionic currents in automatic myocytes of the mouse AVN.

Control of heart rate by cAMP sensitivity of HCN channels.

"Pacemaker" f-channels mediating the hyperpolarization-activated nonselective cation current I(f) are directly regulated by cAMP. Accordingly, the activity of f-channels increases when cellular cAMP levels are elevated (e.g.

Nkx2.5 cell-autonomous gene function is required for the postnatal formation of the peripheral ventricular conduction system.

The ventricular conduction system is responsible for rapid propagation of electrical activity to coordinate ventricular contraction. To investigate the role of the transcription factor Nkx2.5 in the morphogenesis of the ventricular conduction system, we crossed Nkx2.

Physiological and pharmacological insights into the role of ionic channels in cardiac pacemaker activity.

The generation of cardiac pacemaker activity is a complex phenomenon which requires the coordinated activity of different membrane ionic channels, as well as intracellular signalling factors including Ca(2+) and second messengers. The precise mechanism initiating automaticity in primary pacemaker cells is still matter of debate and certain aspects of how channels cooperate in the regulation of pacemaking by the autonomic nervous system have not been entirely elucidated. Research in the physiopathology of cardiac automaticity has also gained a considerable interest in the domain of cardiovascular pharmacology, since accumulating clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a link between an increase in heart rate and the risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity.

If current inhibition: cellular basis and physiology.

The slow diastolic depolarization phase in cardiac pacemaker cells is the electrical basis of cardiac automaticity. The hyperpolarization-activated current (I(f)) is one of the key mechanisms underlying diastolic depolarization. Particularly, I(f) is unique in being activated on membrane hyperpolarization following the repolarization phase of the action potential.