Impact of Lipids and Vascular Damage on Early Atherosclerosis in Adolescents with Parental Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Aim: To assess the relationship of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in adolescents with a parental history of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 healthy adolescents, aged 14-18 years, both sexes, with a parental history of PCAD, that were compared to 50 controls without this history. Questionnaires regarding information of CRFs were applied.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Mexico: National Registries Raise a Red Flag.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is highly prevalent in Mexico, as 10.2% of the adult population harbors this condition. T2DM is usually associated with cardiovascular comorbidities, including arrhythmias.

Adipose tissue dysfunction serum markers are associated with high density lipoprotein size and glycation in the early stages of type 2 diabetes.

Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have antiatherogenic properties related to their chemical structure. Adipose tissue (AT) influences HDL reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL cholesterol levels. However, whether AT dysfunction affects HDL subpopulations and their glycation in early type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unknown.

Overexpression of microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-221-5p in Monocytes Increases the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease.

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are found to be present in monocytes. This study aimed to investigate miR-221-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p, their expression in monocytes, and their role in coronary arterial disease (CAD). The study population comprised 110 subjects, and RT-qPCR was used to examine the miR-221-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p expressions in monocytes.

Effect of dietary chia supplementation on glucose metabolism and adipose tissue function markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects.

Background: adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor for diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an abundant source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber which could improve adipose tissue functionality. Aim: to analyze the effect of an isocaloric chia-supplemented diet on glucose metabolism, adipose tissue inflammation, and endothelial function markers in patients with NAFLD and early stages of diabetes.

Uric acid is associated with morpho-functional adipose tissue markers in apparently healthy subjects.

Background: Studies have focused on the search of novel biomarkers that allow to easily identify dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT). Uric acid (UA) could be produced and reabsorbed by AT. It has been suggested that the increases of UA concentrations participates in AT dysfunction.

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La creciente epidemia de obesidad ha sido uno de los retos más importantes de salud pública en México durante los últimos años. Con apoyo de la Federación Mundial de Obesidad, en 2021 formamos un grupo de profesionales para identificar y resumir las acciones prioritarias en las que puede enfocarse nuestro país para hacer frente a esta epidemia. Al proceso de desarrollo y discusión de este grupo se sumaron más de 1 000 profesionales de la salud para retomar recomendaciones de documentos y guías de alto nivel previamente publicados.

Cardiovascular autonomic responses during head-up tilt test in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have confirmed the value of both subjectively assessed symptoms and objective measurements of autonomic nervous system function in diagnosing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. However, the head-up tilt test (HUTT) has been rarely used to investigate cardiovascular autonomic responses in subjects with high risk of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (nT2D).

Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with psoriasis with and without metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Patients with psoriasis have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To determine if patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MS) have a higher frequency of subclinical atherosclerosis compared with those with psoriasis without MS.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with psoriasis; MS was defined according to ATP III criteria.

Dysfunctional adiposity index as a marker of adipose tissue morpho-functional abnormalities and metabolic disorders in apparently healthy subjects.

Compared to body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue (AT) morpho-functionality evaluations are better predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities (CA). The present study establishes a dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as an early marker of CA based on adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities. DAI was established in 340 subjects without cardiovascular risk factors selected from a cross-sectional study (n=1600).

Familial hypercholesterolemia in Mexico: Initial insights from the national registry.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Objective: Report the results of the first years (2017-2019) of the Mexican FH registry.

Methods: There are 60 investigators, representing 28 federal states, participating in the registry.

Effects of fatty liver on the size and composition of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subpopulations in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging disease in the pediatric population. The association between T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described. Recent evidence suggests that sizes and composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be more important that HDL-C levels in predicting coronary heart disease.

Monitoring during the treatment of precocious puberty: Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology developed a clinical practice guide for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty. This document presents recommendations related to the monitorization of the treatment and follow-up of patients with central precocious puberty. The detailed description of the methodology for the development of this guide and the grading system, as well as the synthesis of the evidence on which it is based, can be consulted in this same supplement.

Synthesis of the evidence: Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

Three systematic reviews were conducted to formulate the recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with precocious puberty: interventions for the treatment of precocious puberty that included the outcomes of final or near-final height, mental health, metabolic health, health bone, or blockade success; comparative observational studies evaluating long-term outcomes in subjects with a history of precocious puberty; and diagnostic test accuracy studies for puberty.

Diagnosis of secondary causes of precocious puberty: Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology developed a clinical practice guide for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty. This document presents recommendations related to the diagnosis of secondary causes of central PP. The detailed description of the methodology for the development of this guide and the grading system, as well as the synthesis of the evidence on which it is based can be consulted in this same supplement.

Methodology for the development of the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

Background: The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology presents recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty (PP), a condition defined as the development of sexual characteristics due to an increase in pituitary gonadotropin secretion before 8 or 9 years of age in girls and boys, respectively.

Methods: Three systematic reviews were conducted: controlled clinical trials on interventions for PP treatment, diagnostic tests, and observational studies on the long-term effects of PP. The quality evaluation and data extraction from the studies were conducted by two independent reviewers.

Diagnosis of precocious puberty: clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology developed a clinical practice guide for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty. This document presents recommendations related to the diagnosis of precocious puberty. The detailed description of the methodology for the development of this guide and the grading system, as well as the synthesis of the evidence on which it is based can be accessed in this same supplement.

Puberty blockade: Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.

The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology developed a clinical practice guide for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty. This document presents recommendations related to the interventions for the inhibition of central precocious puberty. The detailed description of the methodology for the development of this guide and the grading system, as well as the synthesis of the evidence on which it is based can be consulted in this same supplement.

Coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by impaired metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins. Patients who suffer from it frequently have hyperglycemia and coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death. The comorbidities associated with diabetes are overweight and obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and in some patients peripheral vascular disease, kidney damage, neuropathy and retinopathy.

Association between the transporters ABCA1/G1 and the expression of miR-33a/144 and the carotid intima media thickness in patients with arterial hypertension.

ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters (ABC), functions as an outflow facilitator of phospholipids and cellular cholesterol, playing an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. ABC's transporters could post-transcriptionally regulated by miRs. Evaluate the association in the transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 with the expression of miR-33a and miR-144 and the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in patients with essential arterial hypertension.

Determinación del estado nutricional mediante el ángulo de fase en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Introduction: Multi-frequency bio-impedance analysis (BIA) accurately evaluates body composition.

Objective: To assess nutritional status and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) or with BIA-obtained phase angle in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis.

Method: BMI, BIA and dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) were assessed in 99 patients on hemodialysis (43.

PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein characteristics as cardiovascular biomarkers.

Introduction: Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group).

Material And Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico.

The rs10455872-G allele of the LPA gene is associated with high lipoprotein(a) levels and increased aortic valve calcium in a Mexican adult population.

Polymorphisms in the LPA gene have been associated with aortic valve calcification (AVC). There are wide differences in the allelic frequencies, Lp(a) levels, and the association with AVC among ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the LPA gene polymorphisms with Lp(a) levels and risk of developing AVC, in Mexican-Mestizos population.