Pathways to change: Three decades of feminist research and activism to end violence against women in Nicaragua.

This paper presents the results of nearly three decades of partnership between feminist researchers and activists to prevent violence against women and girls (VAWG) in Nicaragua. A household survey conducted in 1995 in León, the country's second-largest city, revealed that 55 per cent of women had experienced lifetime physical intimate partner violence (IPV), and 27 per cent had experienced IPV in the last 12 months. The study results were instrumental in changing domestic violence laws in Nicaragua.

Long-term change in the prevalence of intimate partner violence: a 20-year follow-up study in León, Nicaragua, 1995-2016.

Introduction: Although intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated one out of three women globally, evidence on violence prevention is still scarce. No studies have measured long-term change in larger populations over a prolonged period.

Methods: The aim of this study was to measure changes in the prevalence of IPV in León, Nicaragua, between 1995 and 2016.

From "among girl friends" to "among mothers"--baseline research adjusts a health promoting intervention in Nicaragua.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to show how baseline findings can redefine the design of an intervention.

Design: A baseline cross-sectional study. Setting.