Differences in breastfeeding rate between mothers delivering by caesarean section and those delivering vaginally.

: The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of delivery on breastfeeding at 6 months, with special focus on caesarean section combined with established breastfeeding at 2 months. Delivery mode and breastfeeding at 2 and 6 months were studied in a database of 130,993 infants from two Swedish counties between 1990-2011. The difference in breastfeeding rates at 6 months between children delivered by caesarean section and children delivered vaginally was smaller in a subpopulation of children with established breastfeeding at 2 months compared to all children.

Clinical utility of the Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants within the child health services.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants (SOMP-I) when used by nurses in routine child healthcare by analyzing the nurses' SOMP-I assessments and the actions taken when motor problems were suspected.

Method: Infants from three child health centers in Uppsala County, Sweden, were consecutively enrolled in a longitudinal study. The 242 infants were assessed using SOMP-I by the nurse responsible for the infant as part of the regular well-child visits at as close to 2, 4, 6 and 10 months of age as possible.

Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Early Childhood Obesity: Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study from Birth to 4 Years.

Aim: To study a potential link between breastfeeding in infancy and obesity at age 4.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30,508 infants born during 2002-2007 from the databases of the Preventive Child Health Services in two Swedish counties and from national registers were studied. The outcome variable was obesity at age 4.

Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate a manualized theory-driven primary preventive intervention aimed at early childhood obesity. The intervention was embedded in Swedish child health services, starting when eligible children were 9 to 10 months of age and continuing until the children reached age 4.

Methods: Child health care centers in 8 Swedish counties were randomized into intervention and control units and included 1355 families with 1369 infants.

'Now I use words like asymmetry and unstable': nurses' experiences in using a standardized assessment for motor performance within routine child health care.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: There is an increasing recognition that early intervention is important for children with motor disorders. The use of standardized assessment methods within the Swedish Child Health Services (CHS) may improve early identification of these children and thereby their development and quality of care. Given the key role of nurses within the CHS, we explored their experiences of using a structured assessment of motor performance (SOMP-I) in a clinical setting, and investigated possible barriers and facilitators for implementation of the method within the CHS.

Can nurses be key players in assessing early motor development using a structured method in the child health setting?

Rational, Aims And Objectives: Increasing evidence highlights the importance of early interventions for motor disorders in children. Given the key medical role of the nurse within the Swedish Child Health Service (CHS), we aimed to examine if nurses could apply a structured assessment of early motor development at the child health centre to enable early identification of children at risk.

Methods: Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants (SOMP-I) assesses infant's level of motor development and quality of motor performance using subscales converted to total scores.

Primary prevention of childhood obesity through counselling sessions at Swedish child health centres: design, methods and baseline sample characteristics of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing concern in Sweden. Children with overweight and obesity run a high risk of becoming obese as adults, and are likely to develop comorbidities. Despite the immense demand, there is still a lack of evidence-based comprehensive prevention programmes targeting pre-school children and their families in primary health care settings.

Utilization of child health services, stress, social support and child characteristics in primiparous and multiparous mothers of 18-month-old children.

Aim: Traditionally, the child health services have laid emphasis on first-time mothers. Some researchers have argued that the needs of multiparous mothers must be considered equally important. The aim of this paper was to analyse parity-related characteristics in pairs of mothers and 18-month-old children.

Infant gender and postpartum sadness in the light of region of birth and some other factors: a contribution to the knowledge of postpartum depression.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse postpartum depressive symptoms as related to baby gender, maternal region of birth, stress, perception of child difficult temperament and some demographic factors. The setting was 36 Swedish child health centres. Mothers of 1,848 19-month-old children completed a questionnaire, including an item about recall of postpartum sadness.

Organizational differences in early child health care -- mothers' and nurses' experiences of the services.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate parents' and nurses' perceptions of the child health services (CHS) in relation to whether the nurse worked exclusively with children (focused-child health centre, CHC) vs. with people of all ages (mixed-CHC).

Method: Information about parents' perceptions about the CHS was acquired by a questionnaire intended for the mothers of 18-month-old children.

Drawing the line in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): a vital decision.

Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely used in early child health care. This study examined the appropriateness of the recommended EPDS cut-off score 11/12.

Methods: Two main analyses were performed: 1.

Child health and maternal stress: does neighbourhood status matter?

The purpose of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to explore neighbourhood-level differences in health behaviour, maternal stress and sense of coherence, birth weight, child health and behaviour, and children's television watching habits. In total, 2006 pairs of Swedish mothers and children, aged approximately 20 months, from the general population participated in the study. A total of 1923 lived in neighbourhoods of average socioeconomic status in six counties, and 83 in a high-status neighbourhood in one of the counties.

How can we identify vulnerable mothers who do not reach the cut off 12 points in EPDS?

The aim was to investigate the correspondence between 352 mother's self-reports about postpartum distress in a questionnaire including an item about distress 18 months after birth and their earlier scores within, on average, 2.5 months of childbirth from a screening with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Mothers who did not reach the EPDS score of 12 points, but reported that they had been sad/depressed after childbirth, were similar in socio-demographic variables to mothers with no outcomes in sadness/depression issues.

[Surname as a marker of ethnicity. A study from child health services shows that immigrant respective Swedish families seem to be isolated in different ways].

A practical method was tested for identifying ethnicity through family names in the absence of precise demographic information. In a questionnaire study of children covered by the Swedish child health services in some different counties, all potential participants (the children's mothers) were classified as "Swedish" or "non-Swedish" using family names. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by comparing the scores of two independent raters (Cohen's kappa: 0.