Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy, prenatal mercury exposure and child body mass index trajectories up to 8 years.

Background: Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy and prenatal mercury exposure may influence children's growth trajectories.

Methods: This study, based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), includes 51 952 mother-child pairs recruited in pregnancy during 2002-08 and a subsample (n = 2277) with maternal mercury concentrations in whole blood. Individual growth trajectories were computed by modelling based on child's reported weight and length/height from 1 month to 8 years.

Old Question Revisited: Are High-Protein Diets Safe in Pregnancy?

Background: A previous randomized dietary intervention in pregnant women from the 1970s, the Harlem Trial, reported retarded fetal growth and excesses of very early preterm births and neonatal deaths among those receiving high-protein supplementation. Due to ethical challenges, these findings have not been addressed in intervention settings. Exploring these findings in an observational setting requires large statistical power due to the low prevalence of these outcomes.

Intake of dairy protein during pregnancy in IBD and risk of SGA in a Norwegian population-based mother and child cohort.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tend to avoid dairy products to minimize abdominal pain and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of protein from dairy sources (PPDS) in mothers with and without IBD, and to explore the impact of PPDS on inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) or small for gestational age (SGA) in IBD compared to non-IBD in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Methods: MoBa includes about 95,000 pregnant women recruited throughout Norway from 1999 to 2008.

Maternal dietary selenium intake is associated with increased gestational length and decreased risk of preterm delivery.

The first positive genome-wide association study on gestational length and preterm delivery showed the involvement of an Se metabolism gene. In the present study, we examine the association between maternal intake of Se and Se status with gestational length and preterm delivery in 72 025 women with singleton live births from the population-based, prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A self-reported, semi-quantitative FFQ answered in pregnancy week 22 was used to estimate Se intake during the first half of pregnancy.

Intake of sucrose-sweetened soft beverages during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring: a Norwegian pregnancy cohort study.

Studies report increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the offspring of mothers with diabetes, where high blood glucose levels might confer the risk. We explored the association between intake of sucrose-sweetened soft beverages during pregnancy and risk of CHD. Prospective cohort data with 88,514 pregnant women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study was linked with information on infant CHD diagnoses from national health registers and the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway Project.

Mortality and causes of death across the systemic connective tissue diseases and the primary systemic vasculitides.

Objectives: Studies assessing relative mortality risks across the spectrum of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases are largely missing. In this study, we wanted to estimate standard mortality ratios (SMRs) and causes of death in an ethnically homogeneous cohort covering all major CTDs and primary systemic vasculitides (PSVs).

Methods: We prospectively followed all incident CTD and PSV cases included in the Norwegian CTD and vasculitis registry (NOSVAR) between 1999 and 2015.

Gestational weight gain across continents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women.

Background: The association between Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and pregnancy outcomes across ethnicities is uncertain. We evaluated the associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) outside 2009 IOM guidelines, with maternal and infant outcomes across the USA, western Europe and east Asia, with subgroup analyses in Asia. The aim was to explore ethnic differences in maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and health outcomes across these regions.

Prenatal iron exposure and childhood type 1 diabetes.

Iron overload due to environmental or genetic causes have been associated diabetes. We hypothesized that prenatal iron exposure is associated with higher risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. In the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (n = 94,209 pregnancies, n = 373 developed type 1 diabetes) the incidence of type 1 diabetes was higher in children exposed to maternal iron supplementation than unexposed (36.

Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors Are Associated With a Significant Burden of Treated Hypertension Within 10 Years of Delivery: Findings From a Population-Based Norwegian Cohort.

Background: The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has, primarily, been evaluated in studies lacking information on important covariates. This report evaluates the prospective associations between pregnancy-related risk factors (preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction) and pharmacologically treated hypertension within 10 years after pregnancy, while adjusting for a wide range of covariates.

Methods And Results: Prepregnancy normotensive women participating in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) from January 2004 through July 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to identify women with pharmacologically treated hypertension beyond the postpartum period of 3 months.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy - association with pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy and 4-6 months post-partum.

Background: To better understand previous associations reported regarding nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP), an investigation into timing of symptom onset for NVP and PGP in pregnancy, as well as the association of NVP with PGP 4-6 months post-partum was performed. We hypothesised that women with NVP symptoms would be most susceptible to experiencing persistence of PGP post-partum.

Methods: Fifty two thousand six hundred seventy-eight pregnancies from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were analysed regarding nausea, vomiting, pelvic girdle pain, and health outcome data collected from questionnaires answered between gestation weeks 15, 20, 30, and 6 months post-partum.

Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study.

Objectives: To study the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the child's weight gain and overweight risk up to 8 years.

Design: Prospective nationwide pregnancy cohort.

Setting: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Dietary acrylamide intake during pregnancy and postnatal growth and obesity: Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Background: Prenatal acrylamide exposure has been negatively associated with fetal growth but the association with child growth is unknown.

Objectives: We studied the association between prenatal acrylamide exposure and child postnatal growth up to 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Methods: In 51,952 mother-child pairs from MoBa, acrylamide intake during pregnancy was estimated by combining maternal food intake with food concentrations of acrylamide.

Dietary Patterns in women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Results from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Background: The aim of the study was to examine dietary patterns and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Method: MoBa enrolled participants from all over Norway between 1999 and 2008, and the study comprised 83,988 mothers, of whom there were 183 mothers with Crohn's disease (CD) and 240 with ulcerative colitis (UC). An additional questionnaire was submitted to mothers with IBD in 2013.

Lack of Association Between Maternal or Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Scandinavian Case-Cohort Study.

Studies on vitamin D status during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) lack consistency and are limited by small sample sizes or single measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We investigated whether average maternal 25(OH)D plasma concentrations during pregnancy are associated with risk of childhood T1D. In a case-cohort design, we identified 459 children with T1D and a random sample (n = 1,561) from the Danish National Birth Cohort (n = 97,127) and Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (n = 113,053).

Prenatal mercury exposure, maternal seafood consumption and associations with child language at five years.

Background: Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxin and evidence suggests that also low level exposure may affect prenatal neurodevelopment. Uncertainty exists as to whether the maternal MeHg burden in Norway might affect child neurodevelopment.

Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal mercury exposure, maternal seafood consumption and child language and communication skills at age five.

Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child's language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa).

Background: Cell phone use during pregnancy is a public health concern. We investigated the association between maternal cell phone use in pregnancy and child's language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years.

Methods: This prospective study includes 45,389 mother-child pairs, participants of the MoBa, recruited at mid-pregnancy from 1999 to 2008.

Effect of dietary interventions during weaning period on parental practice and lipoproteins and vitamin D status in two-year-old children.

: Evaluate if a two-day course for parents on nutrition and applied baby food preparation had an effect on child's intake of home-made foods, lipid concentration, and vitamin D status. : Randomized controlled trial at age 6 months and follow-up at ages 15 and 24 months. : Four health care clinics in Kristiansand, Norway.

Breast-feeding and Infant Hospitalization for Infections: Large Cohort and Sibling Analysis.

Objectives: Breast-feeding may protect against infections, but its optimal duration remains controversial. We aimed to study the association of the duration of full and any breast-feeding with infections the first 18 months of life.

Methods: The Norwegian Mother and Child study (MoBa) is a prospective birth cohort which recruited expecting mothers giving birth from 2000 to 2009.

Low Calcium Intake in Midpregnancy Is Associated with Hypertension Development within 10 Years after Pregnancy: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflict. We evaluated the ability to predict hypertension within 10 y after delivery based on calcium intake during midpregnancy. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study of women delivering in 2004-2009 was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2013) to ascertain antihypertensive medication usage >90 d after delivery.

Estimating human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids via solid food and drinks: Implementation and comparison of different dietary assessment methods.

Background: Diet is a major source of human exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals, including many perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Several assessment methods of dietary exposure to PFAAs have been used previously, but there is a lack of comparisons between methods.

Aim: To assess human exposure to PFAAs through diet by different methods and compare the results.

Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain are increasing globally. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) provided specific recommendations regarding the ideal gestational weight gain. However, the association between gestational weight gain consistent with theIOM guidelines and pregnancy outcomes is unclear.

Suboptimal Maternal Iodine Intake Is Associated with Impaired Child Neurodevelopment at 3 Years of Age in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy has major effects on child neurodevelopment, but less is known about the potential consequences of mild-to-moderate deficiency and iodine supplement use. We explored the associations between maternal iodine intake and child neurodevelopment at 3 y of age and the potential impact of maternal intake of iodine from supplements on the same outcomes. This population-based prospective observational study included 48,297 mother-child pairs recruited during pregnancy from 2002 to 2008.

Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts.

Introduction: Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with retrospectively collected cell phone use data.

Methods: We used individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five cohorts from Denmark (1996-2002), Korea (2006-2011), the Netherlands (2003-2004), Norway (2004-2008), and Spain (2003-2008).

Organic Food in the Diet: Exposure and Health Implications.

The market for organic food products is growing rapidly worldwide. Such foods meet certified organic standards for production, handling, processing, and marketing. Most notably, the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetic modification is not allowed.