Copeptin for risk stratification in non-traumatic headache in the emergency setting: a prospective multicenter observational cohort study.

Background: In the emergency setting, non-traumatic headache is a benign symptom in 80% of cases, but serious underlying conditions need to be ruled out. Copeptin improves risk stratification in several acute diseases. Herein, we investigated the value of copeptin to discriminate between serious secondary headache and benign headache forms in the emergency setting.

Etiological classifications of transient ischemic attacks: subtype classification by TOAST, CCS and ASCO--a pilot study.

Background: In patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), etiological classification systems are not well studied. The Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), the Causative Classification System (CCS), and the Atherosclerosis Small Vessel Disease Cardiac Source Other Cause (ASCO) classification may be useful to determine the underlying etiology. We aimed at testing the feasibility of each of the 3 systems.

Transient ischemic attack versus transient ischemic attack mimics: frequency, clinical characteristics and outcome.

Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding which clinical features are best suited to distinguish between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and disorders mimicking TIA (TIA mimics).

Methods: We compared the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with TIA and TIA mimics in a prospective, single-center emergency department cohort over 2 years.

Results: Of 303 patients, 248 (81.