Diet and exercise weight-loss trial in lactating overweight and obese women.

Background: Current evidence suggests a combined treatment of postpartum weight loss of diet and exercise. However, to our knowledge, neither their separate and interactive effects nor long-term outcomes have been evaluated.

Objective: We evaluated whether a 12-wk dietary behavior modification (D) treatment to decrease energy intake, physical exercise behavior modification (E) treatment to implement moderate aerobic exercise, or combined dietary and physical exercise behavior modification (DE) treatment compared with control (usual care) (C) reduces body weight in lactating women measured at the end of treatment and at a 1-y follow-up 9 mo after treatment termination.

Breastfeeding in women with type 1 diabetes: exploration of predictive factors.

Objective: To identify predictive factors for initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding with a focus on mothers with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This is a prospective observation survey, using a case-control design, comparing the outcomes of 108 mothers with type 1 diabetes with 104 mothers without diabetes that were matched for parity and gestational age. Mother and infant outcomes were collected from medical records and through telephone interviews 2 and 6 months after delivery.

One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in Sweden.

Context: Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling.

Objective: To determine the 1-year survival in all infants born before 27 gestational weeks in Sweden during 2004-2007.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Population-based prospective observational study of extremely preterm infants (707 live-born and 304 stillbirths) born to 887 mothers in 904 deliveries (102 multiple births) in all obstetric and neonatal units in Sweden from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2007.

Impact of pulse oximetry screening on the detection of duct dependent congenital heart disease: a Swedish prospective screening study in 39,821 newborns.

Objective: To evaluate the use of pulse oximetry to screen for early detection of life threatening congenital heart disease.

Design: Prospective screening study with a new generation pulse oximeter before discharge from well baby nurseries in West Götaland. Cohort study comparing the detection rate of duct dependent circulation in West Götaland with that in other regions not using pulse oximetry screening.

Maternal hormones linking maternal body mass index and dietary intake to birth weight.

Background: Obese women often give birth to large-for-gestational age infants (typically defined as a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile), who are at risk of birth injuries and of developing metabolic syndrome later in life. The mechanisms underlying increased fetal growth remain to be established.

Objective: We aimed to identify maternal hormones that can explain the link between dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), and birth weight.

Early random capillary glucose level screening and multidisciplinary antenatal teamwork to improve outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study describes maternal and neonatal characteristics and delivery outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], compared to a control group.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 719 women with GDM was undertaken in a Swedish urban district. All other parturients at the same hospital served as the control group.

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a prospective study on risk factors related to manual assistance during the second stage of labor.

Background: To evaluate the association between obstetric brachial plexus palsy and obstetrical maneuvers during the second stage of delivery.

Methods: Prospective population-based case control study. Cases of obstetric brachial plexus palsy were compared with a randomly selected control group with regard to obstetric management.

STAN in clinical practice--the outcome of 2 years of regular use in the city of Gothenburg.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to monitor the introduction of the STAN-methodology (Noventa Medical, Moelndal, Sweden).

Study Design: This was a prospective observational study covering the total population of deliveries at term during 2 years. Four thousand eight hundred and thirty out of 14,687 term pregnancies were monitored using the STAN S 21 fetal heart monitor and the associated clinical guidelines.

Visual evoked potentials in disproportionately growth-retarded human neonates.

To study brain function in the neonatal period, disproportionately growth-retarded (n = 33) and appropriately grown (n = 21) infants were examined using Doppler flow velocities prenatally and visual evoked potentials postnatally. Visual evoked potentials recordings were made at gestation of 40 and 46 weeks. The group of growth-retarded infants had significantly prolonged latencies to both of the two major peaks (designated P and N), most pronounced for the P peak.

[Pregnancy complications can impair placental transport systems. Aberrant fetal growth, for example in diabetes, is only now beginning to be understood].

The reduced fetal growth in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been attributed to decreased placental blood flow whereas maternal hyperglycemia is believed to represent the primary cause of accelerated fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. However, recent research has demonstrated specific changes in placental transport function in association to these pregnancy complications that are likely to contribute to the altered fetal growth patterns. For example, in IUGR the activity of certain key amino acid transporters is reduced in the placental barrier and accelerated fetal growth in diabetes is associated with an increased activity of placental glucose and amino acid transporters.

Alterations in the activity of placental amino acid transporters in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

Alterations in placental transport may contribute to accelerated fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. We studied the activity of the syncytiotrophoblast amino acid transporter system A and the transport of the essential amino acids leucine, lysine, and taurine. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes (MVMs) and basal plasma membranes (BMs) were isolated from placentas obtained from normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 1 diabetes, with and without large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses.

Aberrations in placental cytokine mRNA related to intrauterine growth retardation.

During normal pregnancy, a predominance of Th2 type cytokines prevails and is considered to protect the fetus. Animal experiments suggest that an increase of Th1 type cytokines may instead have deleterious effects. We have studied with the reverse transcription PCR technique mRNA for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in placentas from full-term appropriately grown newborns, newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and newborns who were only small for gestational age.