Respiratory and Acoustical Differences Between Belt and Neutral Style of Singing.

Objectives: Belt is a style of singing commonly used in nonclassical genres. Its respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory characteristics are unclear.

Design: Basic research.

Substyles of belting: phonatory and resonatory characteristics.

Belting has been described as speechlike, yell-like, or shouting voice production commonly used in contemporary commercial music genres and substantially differing from the esthetic of the Western classical voice tradition. This investigation attempts to describe phonation and resonance characteristics of different substyles of belting (heavy, brassy, ringy, nasal, and speechlike) and the classical style. A professional singer and voice teacher, skilled in these genres, served as the single subject.

What is "Twang"?

A single female professional vocal artist and pedagogue sang examples of "twang" and neutral voice quality, which a panel of experts classified, in almost complete agreement with the singer's intentions. Subglottal pressure was measured as the oral pressure during the occlusion during the syllable /pae/. This pressure tended to be higher in "twang," whereas the sound pressure level (SPL) was invariably higher.

Estimating perceived phonatory pressedness in singing from flow glottograms.

The normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ), defined as the ratio between the peak-to-peak amplitude of the flow pulse and the negative peak amplitude of the differentiated flow glottogram and normalized with respect to period time, has been shown to be related to glottal adduction. Glottal adduction, in turn, affects mode of phonation and hence perceived phonatory pressedness. The relationship between NAQ and perceived phonatory pressedness was analyzed in a material collected from a professional female singer and singing teacher who sang a triad pattern in breathy, flow, neutral, and pressed phonation in three different loudness conditions (soft, middle, loud).