Analysis of parameters and validation of method for normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance.

The method of normalized resistance interpretation (NRI), uses the high-zone side of the susceptible peak in a zone diameter histogram as an internal calibrator to construct the real standard distribution of susceptible isolates even in the presence of resistant isolates. NRI parameters were optimized using control strain histograms from microbiology laboratories in Stockholm, Argentina, and the Philippines. A moving average based on four-zone values was slightly better than based on two-zone average values.

Long-term antibiotic resistance surveillance of gram-negative pathogens suggests that temporal trends can be used as a resistance warning system.

Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic consumption were investigated at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden over a 12-y period. The investigation showed an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance of Escherichia coli from 0% in 1991 to 7% in 1997 and to 11% in 1999. Resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to ciprofloxacin increased from 2.

Prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime. Evaluation of safety and kinetics in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and kinetics of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime in cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Eriks Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime. Efficacy in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime in preventing endophthalmitis in cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Eriks Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.