The in vitro toxicology of Swedish snus.

Three commercial brands of Swedish snus (SWS), an experimental SWS, and the 2S3 reference moist snuff were each tested in four in vitro toxicology assays. These assays were: Salmonella reverse mutation, mouse lymphoma, in vitro micronucleus, and cytotoxicity. Water extractions of each of the 5 products were tested using several different concentrations; the experimental SWS was also extracted using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Swedish snus and the GothiaTek® standard.

Some smokeless tobacco products, such as Swedish snus, are today considered to be associated with substantially fewer health hazards than cigarettes. This risk differential has contributed to the scientific debate about the possibilities of harm reduction within the tobacco area. Although current manufacturing methods for snus build on those that were introduced more than a century ago, the low levels of unwanted substances in modern Swedish snus are largely due to improvements in production techniques and selection of raw materials in combination with several programs for quality assurance and quality control.

Nicotine delivery and subjective effects of Swedish portion snus compared with 4 mg nicotine polacrilex chewing gum.

Introduction: Snus availability has been claimed to have contributed to the low rates of smoking among Swedish men and made possible the transfer to a less harmful form of nicotine dependence.

Methods: Fourteen cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to 2 types of 1 g Swedish portion snus and 4 mg nicotine polacrilex (NP) chewing gum in open-label, single-dose crossover study. Nicotine delivery and pharmacokinetics were estimated, and self-reports of subjective effects were obtained using Visual Analogue Scales (VASs).

Modelling nicotine intake in smokers and snuff users using biological fluid nicotine metabolites.

Data from two clinical studies involving smokers and snuff users were analysed to address the estimation of nicotine intake using urinary and salivary nicotine metabolites. Comprehensive regression modelling is performed to determine which combinations of urinary nicotine metabolites provide better estimation of nicotine intake in these subjects than the predominant practice of basing nicotine intake on urinary cotinine analysis alone. Within-subject and between-subject variability is examined with regard to reliability of measurement and replicate sampling.