Chronic active lesions preferentially localize in watershed territories in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a biomarker of chronic active lesions (CALs), and an important driver of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The reason subtending some acute lesions evolvement into CALs is not known. Here we ask whether a relatively lower oxygen content is linked to CALs.

Prognostic significance of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

The diagnostic potential of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) has been previously established; however, the prognostic significance of these lesions has not previously been consistently described. This study aimed to establish the prognostic role of PRLs in MS with respect to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and rates of disability progression. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and reference lists of selected articles were searched up to 29/04/2023.

Paramagnetic rim lesions and the central vein sign: Characterizing multiple sclerosis imaging markers.

Background And Purpose: Paramagnetic rims and the central vein sign (CVS) are proposed imaging markers of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Using 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging, we aimed to: (1) characterize the appearance of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs); (2) assess whether PRLs and the CVS are associated with higher levels of MS pathology; and (3) compare the characteristics between subjects with and without PRLs in early MS.

Methods: Prospective study of 32 treatment-naïve subjects around the time of diagnosis who were assessed for the presence of PRLs and the CVS.

Relationship between paramagnetic rim lesions and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers for chronic active lesions in MS include slowly expanding lesions (SELs) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).

Objectives: To identify the relationship between SELs and PRLs in MS, and their association with disability.

Methods: 61 people with MS (pwMS) followed retrospectively with MRI including baseline susceptibility-weighted imaging, and longitudinal T1 and T2-weighted scans.

Advanced spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis: Current techniques and future directions.

Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical practice for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Advanced MRI sequences capable of visualizing and quantifying tissue macro- and microstructure and reflecting different pathological disease processes have been used in MS research; however, the spinal cord remains under-explored, partly due to technical obstacles inherent to imaging this structure. We propose that the study of the spinal cord merits equal ambition in overcoming technical challenges, and that there is much information to be exploited to make valuable contributions to our understanding of MS.

Paramagnetic rims are a promising diagnostic imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis.

Background: White matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may contribute to misdiagnosis. In chronic active lesions, peripheral iron-laden macrophages appear as paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PRLs in differentiating MS from mimics using clinical 3T MRI scanners.

Transcallosal and Corticospinal White Matter Disease and Its Association With Motor Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: In this cross-sectional, proof-of-concept study, we propose that using the more pathologically-specific neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) method, in conjunction with high-resolution probabilistic tractography, white matter tract templates can improve the assessment of regional axonal injury and its association with disability of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods: Parametric maps of the neurite density index, orientation dispersion index, and the apparent isotropic volume fraction (IVF) were estimated in 18 pwMS and nine matched healthy controls (HCs). Tract-specific values were measured in transcallosal (TC) fibers from the paracentral lobules and TC and corticospinal fibers from the ventral and dorsal premotor areas, presupplementary and supplementary motor areas, and primary motor cortex.

Assessment of 2D conventional and synthetic MRI in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare synthetic and conventional MRI sequences acquired on a 1.5-T system for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Prospective study that involved twenty-seven consecutive relapsing-remitting MS patients scanned on a 1.

CSF chitinase 3-like 1 is associated with iron rims in patients with a first demyelinating event.

Background: Chronic active lesions with iron rims have prognostic implications in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the relationship between iron rims and levels of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in patients with a first demyelinating event.

Methods: Iron rims were identified using 3T susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Perilesional neurodegenerative injury in multiple sclerosis: Relation to focal lesions and impact on disability.

Background: Axonal injury is the primary source of irreversible neurological decline in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Identifying and quantifying myelin and axonal loss in lesional and perilesional tissue in vivo is fundamental for a better understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes and patient impairment. Using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, consisting of selective inversion recovery quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (SIR-qMT) and multi-compartment diffusion MRI with the spherical mean technique (SMT), we conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to assess myelin and axonal damage in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) surrounding chronic black holes (cBHs) and how this pathology correlates with disability in vivo.

Single Test to ARrive at Multiple Sclerosis (STAR-MS) diagnosis: A prospective pilot study assessing the accuracy of the central vein sign in predicting multiple sclerosis in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.

Background: Misdiagnosis is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a proportion of patients present with atypical clinical/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The central vein sign has the potential to be a non-invasive, MS-specific biomarker.

Objective: To test the accuracy of the central vein sign in predicting a diagnosis of MS in patients with diagnostic uncertainty at disease presentation using T2*-weighted, 3 T MRI.

Evaluation of the Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Imaging Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis.

Importance: The central vein sign has been proposed as a specific imaging biomarker for distinguishing between multiple sclerosis (MS) and not MS, mainly based on findings from ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The diagnostic value of the central vein sign in a multicenter setting with a variety of clinical 3 tesla (T) MRI protocols, however, remains unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various central vein sign lesion criteria for differentiating MS from non-MS conditions using 3T brain MRI with various commonly used pulse sequences.

Abnormal task driven neural oscillations in multiple sclerosis: A visuomotor MEG study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease commonly attributed to degradation of white matter myelin. Symptoms include fatigue, as well as problems associated with vision and movement. Although areas of demyelination in white matter are observed routinely in patients undergoing MRI scans, such measures are often a poor predictor of disease severity.

The Central Vein Sign in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Is Present Irrespective of the T2* Sequence at 3 T.

Background And Purpose: Previous T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have used white matter lesion (WML) central veins to distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from its mimics. To be clinically applicable, the "central vein sign" needs to be detectable across different T2* sequences. Our objective was to determine if the central vein sign is reliably present in MS and absent in patients with ischemic small vessel disease (SVD) across different T2* sequences at 3T MRI.