Selective direct motor cortical influence during naturalistic climbing.

It remains poorly resolved when and how motor cortical output directly influences limb muscle activity through descending projections, which impedes mechanistic understanding of cortical movement control. Here we addressed this in mice performing an ethologically inspired all-limb climbing behavior. We quantified the direct influence of forelimb primary motor cortex (caudal forelimb area, CFA) on muscle activity comprehensively across the muscle activity states that occur during climbing.

CELEBRATE Feeding: A Responsive Approach to Food and Feeding in Early Learning Settings.

Early learning and child care (ELCC) settings in Canada follow nutrition standards that outline food provisions, with many also encouraging responsive feeding practices that help to create a supportive environment for children. Caregivers who lack confidence in children's ability to regulate their own intake, or those who feel stressed about mealtime, may unknowingly engage in less responsive feeding practices. The CELEBRATE Feeding Approach is a flexible framework, driven by behaviour change theory, that builds on previous definitions and concepts of responsive feeding in ELCC environments.

Advancing assessment of responsive feeding environments and practices in child care.

Child care environments offer an ideal setting for feeding interventions. CELEBRATE Feeding is an approach implemented in child care environments in two Maritime Provinces in Canada to support responsive feeding (RF) to foster children's self-efficacy, self-regulation, and healthy relationships with food. This study aimed to describe RF in child care using established and enhanced scoring frameworks.

Structure, function and biogenesis of the fungal proton pump Pma1.

The fungal plasma membrane proton pump Pma1 is an integral plasma membrane protein of the P-type ATPase family. It is an essential enzyme responsible for maintaining a constant cytosolic pH and for energising the plasma membrane to secondary transport processes. Due to its importance for fungal survival and absence from animals, Pma1 is also a highly sought-after drug target.

Alaska's Campaign Encourages Parents to Serve Healthy Drinks to Young Children.

Background: Sugary drink consumption by young children is a public health concern. The State of Alaska, partnering with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, implemented the social marketing campaign in 2019-2021 to encourage parents to serve healthy drinks to young children. The campaign's intended audience was parents who experience disproportionately poor nutrition outcomes: Alaska Native people, those living in rural communities, and those with low incomes and/or educational attainment.

Clinical features and predictive biomarkers for bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes presenting with haematuria.

Aims: To identify clinical features and protein biomarkers associated with bladder cancer (BC) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with haematuria.

Materials And Methods: Data collected from the Haematuria Biomarker (HaBio) study was used in this analysis. A matched sub-cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes was created based on age, sex, and BC diagnosis, using approximately a 1:2 fixed ratio.

ABCB10 exports mitochondrial biliverdin, driving metabolic maladaptation in obesity.

Although the role of hydrophilic antioxidants in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been well studied, the role of lipophilic antioxidants remains poorly characterized. A known lipophilic hydrogen peroxide scavenger is bilirubin, which can be oxidized to biliverdin and then reduced back to bilirubin by cytosolic biliverdin reductase. Oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin inside mitochondria must be followed by the export of biliverdin to the cytosol, where biliverdin is reduced back to bilirubin.

Transition to Adult IBD Care: A Pilot Multi-Site, Telehealth Hybrid Intervention.

Objective: Transition to adult IBD care continues to be a challenge. Efficacious models of improving transition to adult care in the United States are lacking. We present data from a pilot, prospective, non-randomized, intervention implemented at IBD centers in the Midwest and Southeast United States.

Healing the Hearts of Bereaved Parents: Impact of Legacy Artwork on Grief in Pediatric Oncology.

Context: Approximately 12% of children with cancer will not survive, representing a devastating loss for parents. Strategies to improve parental coping and grief have been understudied. Although legacy-making is frequently offered as standard care to children with terminal illness and their families, these interventions have received little empirical attention.

Modulating cellular cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of fluorescent organic salts through counterion pairing.

Light-activated theranostics offer promising opportunities for disease diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and site-specific personalized therapy. However, current fluorescent dyes are limited by low brightness, high cytotoxicity, poor tissue penetration, and unwanted side effects. To overcome these limitations, we demonstrate a platform for optoelectronic tuning, which allows independent control of the optical properties from the electronic properties of fluorescent organic salts.

Research and policy priorities for addressing prenatal exposure to opioids in Alaska.

The current opioid crisis in Alaska and the USA will negatively affect the health and wellbeing of future generations. The increasing number of infants born with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has had a profound impact on families, health care providers and the child welfare system. This manuscript summarises the main themes of a Symposium held in Anchorage, Alaska with health care providers, researchers, elders and public health officials that focused on identifying emerging challenges, trends and potential solutions to address the increasing number of infants and children affected by maternal opioid use.

Impact of Stokes Shift on the Performance of Near-Infrared Harvesting Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators.

Visibly transparent luminescent solar concentrators (TLSC) have the potential to turn existing infrastructures into net-zero-energy buildings. However, the reabsorption loss currently limits the device performance and scalability. This loss is typically defined by the Stokes shift between the absorption and emission spectra of luminophores.

Parent Perceptions of Their College Students' Self-Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Purpose: The present study examines parents' perspectives of the experiences and challenges surrounding self-management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in their college students.

Methods: Participants were parents of emerging young adults with ADHD prescribed daily medication for their condition. Thirteen individual interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview script guided by the Health Belief Model.

Subjective Versus Objective Measures of Medication Adherence in Adolescents/Young Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: To examine the frequency of medication nonadherence using both objective and subjective data and to compare the differences between these measures in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Fifty-four participants enrolled. Frequency (mean percent of prescribed doses not taken) of nonadherence was measured using subjective (visual analog scale) and objective (pill count and electronic monitoring) methods.

Ultrathin Hole Extraction Layer for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT) as the hole transport/extraction layer have been broadly investigated in recent years. However, most PSCs which incorporate PEDOT as the hole transport layer (HTL) suffer from lower device performance stemming from reduced photocurrent and low open-circuit voltage around 0.95 V.

Aqueous-Containing Precursor Solutions for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite semiconductors have emerged as competitive candidates for photovoltaic applications due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the impact of moisture instability on perovskite films is still a key challenge for perovskite devices. While substantial effort is focused on preventing moisture interaction during the fabrication process, it is demonstrated that low moisture sensitivity, enhanced crystallization, and high performance can actually be achieved by exposure to high water content (up to 25 vol%) during fabrication with an aqueous-containing perovskite precursor.

Impact of Ultrathin C on Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices.

Halide perovskite solar cells have seen dramatic progress in performance over the past several years. Certified efficiencies of inverted structure (p-i-n) devices have now exceeded 20%. In these p-i-n devices, fullerene compounds are the most popular electron-transfer materials.

Anions for Near-Infrared Selective Organic Salt Photovoltaics.

Organic molecular salts are an emerging and highly tunable class of materials for organic and transparent photovoltaics. In this work, we demonstrate novel phenyl borate and carborane-based anions paired with a near-infrared (NIR)-selective heptamethine cation. We further explore the effects of anion structures and functional groups on both device performance and physical properties.

The nature of photoinduced phase transition and metastable states in vanadium dioxide.

Photoinduced threshold switching processes that lead to bistability and the formation of metastable phases in photoinduced phase transition of VO are elucidated through ultrafast electron diffraction and diffusive scattering techniques with varying excitation wavelengths. We uncover two distinct regimes of the dynamical phase change: a nearly instantaneous crossover into an intermediate state and its decay led by lattice instabilities over 10 ps timescales. The structure of this intermediate state is identified to be monoclinic, but more akin to M rather than M based on structure refinements.

Alkali Metal Halide Salts as Interface Additives to Fabricate Hysteresis-Free Hybrid Perovskite-Based Photovoltaic Devices.

A new method was developed for doping and fabricating hysteresis-free hybrid perovskite-based photovoltaic devices by using alkali metal halide salts as interface layer additives. Such salt layers introduced at the perovskite interface can provide excessive halide ions to fill vacancies formed during the deposition and annealing process. A range of solution-processed halide salts were investigated.

Investigating the Decline of Fetal and Infant Mortality Rates in Alaska During 2010 and 2011.

Introduction: The U.S. infant mortality rate has been steadily declining since 2007.

Uteroplacental insufficiency leads to hypertension, but not glucose intolerance or impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, in 12-month-old rats.

Growth restriction impacts on offspring development and increases their risk of disease in adulthood which is exacerbated with "second hits." The aim of this study was to investigate if blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis were altered in 12-month-old male and female offspring with prenatal or postnatal growth restriction. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation induced uteroplacental insufficiency and growth restriction in offspring (Restricted).

Risk factors for obesity at age 3 in Alaskan children, including the role of beverage consumption: results from Alaska PRAMS 2005-2006 and its three-year follow-up survey, CUBS, 2008-2009.

Background: Prenatal and early life risk factors are associated with childhood obesity. Alaska Native children have one of the highest prevalences of childhood obesity of all US racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: Using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) and the follow-up survey at 3 years of age (CUBS), we evaluated health, behavioral, lifestyle and nutritional variables in relation to obesity (95th percentile for body mass index (BMI)) at 3 years of age.