Validating a forced-choice method for eliciting quality-of-reasoning judgments.

In this paper we investigate the criterion validity of forced-choice comparisons of the quality of written arguments with normative solutions. Across two studies, novices and experts assessing quality of reasoning through a forced-choice design were both able to choose arguments supporting more accurate solutions-62.2% (SE = 1%) of the time for novices and 74.

Impact of Family, Neighborhood, and Schools on Behavioral Health Needs of Justice-Involved Latinx Adolescents.

Latinx adolescents are overrepresented in the justice system and have high untreated behavioral health needs. We examined the family as well as promotive and inhibitive environments (i.e.

Insight and the selection of ideas.

Perhaps it is no accident that insight moments accompany some of humanity's most important discoveries in science, medicine, and art. Here we propose that feelings of insight play a central role in (heuristically) selecting an idea from the stream of consciousness by capturing attention and eliciting a sense of intuitive confidence permitting fast action under uncertainty. The mechanisms underlying this Eureka heuristic are explained within an active inference framework.

Too Good to Be True: Bots and Bad Data From Mechanical Turk.

Psychology is moving increasingly toward digital sources of data, with Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) at the forefront of that charge. In 2015, up to an estimated 45% of articles published in the top behavioral and social science journals included at least one study conducted on MTurk. In this article, I summarize my own experience with MTurk and how I deduced that my sample was-at best-only 2.

The workload capacity of semantic search in convergent thinking.

The present study used (Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) to investigate how people combine dual cues in semantic memory search. Our aims were (a) to understand how cues interact during the process of semantic search in convergent thinking and (b) to determine how workload capacity (i.e.

Predictors of Caregiver Burden in Delirium: Patient and Caregiver Factors.

The current study examined the association of patient factors, patient/caregiver relationships, and living arrangements with caregiver burden due to delirium. The sample included a subset ( = 207) of hospitalized medical and surgical patients (aged >70 years) enrolled in the Better Assessment of Illness Study and their care-givers. The majority of caregivers were female (57%) and married (43%), and 47% reported living with the patient.

Naming unrelated words predicts creativity.

Several theories posit that creative people are able to generate more divergent ideas. If this is correct, simply naming unrelated words and then measuring the semantic distance between them could serve as an objective measure of divergent thinking. To test this hypothesis, we asked 8,914 participants to name 10 words that are as different from each other as possible.

Experiences of mental health support workers in mental healthcare practice: Three visual arts narratives.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health support workers (MHSWs) are frequently employed in mental health services in order to augment and diversify the workforce and to promote recovery centred care Research shows that while MHSWs positively support service user mental health recovery, these roles are often unclear or not well understood by MHSWs and other mental health practitioners WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Through arts-based research methods, three MHSWs communicated their personal vulnerabilities and anxieties in supporting others with mental health issues; these insights are rarely presented in mental health research. MHSW experiences of not having recovery-oriented expertise recognized or valued by healthcare team were powerfully conveyed through arts narrative. These findings promote recognition of the strengths and contributions of MHSWs to mental health practice.

ED-DEL: Development of a change package and toolkit for delirium in the emergency department.

Delirium is a common and deadly problem in the emergency department affecting up to 30% of older adult patients. The 2013 Geriatric Emergency Department guidelines were developed to address the unique needs of the growing older population and identified delirium as a high priority area. The emergency department (ED) environment presents unique challenges for the identification and management of delirium, including patient crowding, time pressures, competing priorities, variable patient acuity, and limitations in available patient information.

Delirium in Older Patients With COVID-19 Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Importance: Delirium is common among older emergency department (ED) patients, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and frequently goes unrecognized. Anecdotal evidence has described atypical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in older adults; however, the frequency of and outcomes associated with delirium in older ED patients with COVID-19 infection have not been well described.

Objective: To determine how frequently older adults with COVID-19 present to the ED with delirium and their associated hospital outcomes.

The Exclusion of Older Persons From Vaccine and Treatment Trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019-Missing the Target.

This cross-sectional study evaluates the risk of exclusion for older adults in randomized clinical trials for treatment and vaccine interventions in coronavirus disease 2019.

Implementation of a Quit Smoking Programme in Community Adult Mental Health Services-A Qualitative Study.

Little is known about the experiences of people with severe mental health difficulties in smoking cessation interventions. This study aimed to review the implementation of a smoking cessation programme across 16 community mental health day services. The aim was to establish the experience from both service user and facilitator perspectives and refine implementation for future groups.

Imaging Journeys of Recovery and Learning: A Participatory Arts-Based Inquiry.

The relationship between processes of mental health recovery and lifelong learning is an area of increasing international interest. Experiences of transformation, positive effects on self-esteem, self-insight, and empowerment have been identified regarding both endeavors. Recognition of these benefits has stimulated collaborative development of educational programs in personal development, self-efficacy, and recovery principles.

Once more with feeling: Normative data for the aha experience in insight and noninsight problems.

Despite the presumed ability of insight problems to elicit the subjective feeling of insight, as well as the use of so-called insight problems to investigate this phenomenon for over 100 years, no research has collected normative data regarding the ability of insight problems to actually elicit the feeling of insight in a given individual. The work described in this article provides an overview of both classic and contemporary problems used to examine the construct of insight and presents normative data on the success rate, mean time to solution, and mean rating of aha experience for each problem and task type. We suggest using these data in future work as a reference for selecting problems on the basis of their ability to elicit an aha experience.

Insight Is Not in the Problem: Investigating Insight in Problem Solving across Task Types.

The feeling of insight in problem solving is typically associated with the sudden realization of a solution that appears obviously correct (Kounios et al., 2006). Salvi et al.

Description of the types and content of phase 1 clinical trial consent conversations in practice.

Background Or Aims: All agree that informed consent is a process, but past research has focused content analyses on post-consent or on one conversation in the consent series. Our aim was to identify and describe the content of different types of consent conversations.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 38 adult oncology phase 1 consent conversations, which were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and qualitatively analyzed for type and content.

Detecting unidentified changes.

Does becoming aware of a change to a purely visual stimulus necessarily cause the observer to be able to identify or localise the change or can change detection occur in the absence of identification or localisation? Several theories of visual awareness stress that we are aware of more than just the few objects to which we attend. In particular, it is clear that to some extent we are also aware of the global properties of the scene, such as the mean luminance or the distribution of spatial frequencies. It follows that we may be able to detect a change to a visual scene by detecting a change to one or more of these global properties.