Inhaled medication usage in post-menopausal women and lifetime tobacco smoke exposure: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Objective: While active smoking is a causal agent in respiratory disease, the independent role of secondhand smoke (SHS) merits further investigation. We investigated associations between lifetime active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke - studied independently - and current use of 1 or more inhaled medications as a surrogate for prevalent pulmonary disease in post-menopausal women.

Study Design: Information on lifetime active and passive tobacco exposure and inhaled pulmonary medication usage at enrollment was collected from 88,185 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study from 1993 to 1998 at 40 centers in the United States.

Differences between intermittent and light daily smokers in a population of U.S. military recruits.

Introduction: Few studies have assessed differences between intermittent and light smokers, particularly among young adults. Exploring these differences promotes a systematic approach to research and treatment in low-level smokers. This study explored demographic, tobacco-related, and psychosocial predictors of intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light smoking among basic military training (BMT) recruits.

Psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction among older, postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of depressive symptoms and selected psychiatric disorders in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) cohort and related them to cognitive syndromes.

Design: WHIMS was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prevention clinical trial examining whether opposed and unopposed hormone therapy reduced the risk of dementia in healthy postmenopausal women. Participants scoring below a designated cutpoint on a cognitive screener received a comprehensive neuropsychiatric workup and adjudicated outcome of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or probable dementia.

A placebo controlled randomized trial of the effects of phenylpropanolamine and nicotine gum on cessation rates and postcessation weight gain in women.

With smoking prevalence rates beginning to decline, studies designed to promote cessation in more challenging populations, like weight-concerned smokers, warrant attention. This study assessed the efficacy of two forms of pharmacotherapy [nicotine and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) gums] in addition to a 13-week cognitive behavioral smoking cessation program targeted for women. Participants were 439 females who met rigorous screening criteria and were randomized to one of the three treatment intervention groups (PPA gum, nicotine gum, or placebo gum).

Correlates of adherence with transdermal nicotine.

This correlational study examined the adherence rates of transdermal nicotine (TN) use among a population of males and females 18 years of age and older (N = 619) who received varying levels of behavioral intervention. Rates of patch adherence were assessed for demographic (e.g.

Ethnic and gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult air force recruits.

Purpose: To examine gender and ethnic differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult military recruits.

Design: A self-administered survey of demographics, tobacco use, and other health risk behaviors was administered at the start of basic military training.

Setting: The study was conducted at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, where all U.