Predation-resistant Pseudomonas bacteria engage in symbiont-like behavior with the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.

The soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum acts as both a predator and potential host for diverse bacteria. We tested fifteen Pseudomonas strains that were isolated from transiently infected wild D. discoideum for ability to escape predation and infect D.

Philosophically, is obesity really a disease?

The question of whether obesity should be regarded as a disease remains controversial. One source of controversy can be addressed by distinguishing between two ways in which the word "obesity" is used. In medicine, the word "obesity" now typically refers to some or all of a set of interrelated dysfunctions of metabolism, adipose tissue, and dietary intake regulation.

Evaluation of parent and youth experiences in advisory groups as part of a mental healthcare clinical trial: protocol for a mixed-method study.

Introduction: Patient engagement in healthcare research is a necessity to ensure that research objectives align with priorities, outcomes and needs of the population under study, and to facilitate ease of implementation and adoption of findings. In clinical trials, there is an increasing focus on patient engagement during the planning and conduct of clinical trials due to the potential for ethical and methodological benefits. As patient engagement in clinical trials increases, there is a need to evaluate the approaches of these activities to contribute evidence on what is most appropriate and successful.

Managing Postoperative Nausea With an Application of Ice Pack to the Posterior Upper Neck.

Purpose: Measure effectiveness of a non-pharmacological approach to manage postoperative nausea (PON) by applying an ice pack to the posterior upper neck.

Design: This was an observational quality improvement project. The sample included adults 18 years old and older who received general anesthesia (inhalation and/or intravenous), recovering in Phase I or Phase II postoperative care unit (PACU) experiencing very mild to moderate nausea.

The Gut Microbiota Protects Bees from Invasion by a Bacterial Pathogen.

Commensal microbes in animal guts often help to exclude bacterial pathogens. In honey bees, perturbing or depleting the gut microbiota increases host mortality rates upon challenge with the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens, suggesting antagonism between S. marcescens and one or more members of the bee gut microbiota.

Leadership Development for Future Medical School Deans: Outcomes of the AAMC Council of Deans Fellowship Program.

Purpose: To determine the outcomes of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Council of Deans (COD) Fellowship Program with respect to participants' achieving the goals of becoming a medical school dean and developing leadership skills, and to ascertain fellows' views about the program's value, beneficial aspects, and areas for improvement.

Method: The 37 COD fellows from 2002 to 2016 were invited to participate in a 2017 survey addressing demographics, training, current leadership position, and value of the program. The survey also included 3 open-ended questions.

Primary Care Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PTCAP): A Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Rural primary care practitioners (PCPs) have a pivotal role to play in frontline pediatric mental health care, given limited options for referral and consultation. Yet they report a lack of adequate training and confidence to provide this care. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PTCAP) program, which was designed to enhance PCPs' pediatric mental health care confidence.

Implementation of a university faculty mentorship program.

Objective: To implement a University Faculty mentorship program in the Division of Emergency Medicine.

Methods: A program based on a unique Schulich faculty mentorship policy was implemented with the help of a Provider Value Officer. The process involved creating a training program which defined the roles of the mentors and mentees and established the principles of an effective mentor-mentee relationship.

A Study Protocol for the "Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" Cluster-randomized Pilot Study.

Background: Primary care providers (PCPs) are increasingly called upon to assist in meeting the growing demand for paediatric mental health care in Canada, yet they report inadequate training and confidence to do so. The Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PTCAP) program was designed to fill this gap by teaching PCPs the skills needed to provide frontline care themselves, particularly in rural/remote regions where specialist resources are limited. This innovative educational intervention may improve paediatric mental health care capacity, but a pilot study is needed.

Honey bees as models for gut microbiota research.

The gut microbiota of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) offers several advantages as an experimental system for addressing how gut communities affect their hosts and for exploring the processes that determine gut community composition and dynamics. A small number of bacterial species dominate the honey bee gut community. These species are restricted to bee guts and can be grown axenically and genetically manipulated.

Mentoring needs of distributed medical education faculty at a Canadian medical school: a mixed-methods descriptive study.

Introduction: The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry in London, Ontario, has a mentorship program for all full-time faculty. The school would like to expand its outreach to physician faculty located in distributed medical education sites. The purpose of this study was to determine what, if any, mentorship distributed physician faculty currently have, to gauge their interest in expanding the mentorship program to distributed physician faculty and to determine their vision of the most appropriate design of a mentorship program that would address their needs.

Evaluating Training Programs for Primary Care Providers in Child/Adolescent Mental Health in Canada: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The need for child/adolescent mental health care in Canada is growing. Primary care can play a key role in filling this gap, yet most providers feel they do not have adequate training. This paper reviews the Canadian literature on capacity building programs in child and adolescent psychiatry for primary care providers, to examine how these programs are being implemented and evaluated to contribute to evidence-based initiatives.

Diversification of Type VI Secretion System Toxins Reveals Ancient Antagonism among Bee Gut Microbes.

Microbial communities are shaped by interactions among their constituent members. Some Gram-negative bacteria employ type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to inject protein toxins into neighboring cells. These interactions have been theorized to affect the composition of host-associated microbiomes, but the role of T6SSs in the evolution of gut communities is not well understood.

Strategies for Supporting Physician-Scientists in Faculty Roles: A Narrative Review With Key Informant Consultations.

Purpose: Physician-scientists are a population in decline globally. Solutions to reverse this decline often have focused on the training pipeline. Less attention has been paid to reducing attrition post training, when physician-scientists take up faculty roles.

Honeybee gut microbiota promotes host weight gain via bacterial metabolism and hormonal signaling.

Social bees harbor a simple and specialized microbiota that is spatially organized into different gut compartments. Recent results on the potential involvement of bee gut communities in pathogen protection and nutritional function have drawn attention to the impact of the microbiota on bee health. However, the contributions of gut microbiota to host physiology have yet to be investigated.

Metabolism of Toxic Sugars by Strains of the Bee Gut Symbiont Gilliamella apicola.

Unlabelled: Social bees collect carbohydrate-rich food to support their colonies, and yet, certain carbohydrates present in their diet or produced through the breakdown of pollen are toxic to bees. The gut microbiota of social bees is dominated by a few core bacterial species, including the Gram-negative species Gilliamella apicola We isolated 42 strains of G. apicola from guts of honey bees and bumble bees and sequenced their genomes.

Quality of Life for Historic Cavopulmonary Shunt Survivors.

Background: Beginning with Dr William Glenn in 1958, 90 patients with congenital heart lesions underwent cavopulmonary (Glenn) shunts over a 30-year period. In 2015, the follow-up data on this original cohort were reported. The study focuses on the current quality of life of this cohort.

Canadian Rural/Remote Primary Care Physicians Perspectives on Child/Adolescent Mental Health Care Service Delivery.

Introduction: Primary Care Physicians (PCP) play a key role in the recognition and management of child/adolescent mental health struggles. In rural and under-serviced areas of Canada, there is a gap between child/adolescent mental health needs and service provision.

Methods: From a Canadian national needs assessment survey, PCPs' narrative comments were examined using quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Half a Century's Experience With the Superior Cavopulmonary (Classic Glenn) Shunt.

Background: Five decades after its introduction, the Glenn shunt remains an integral step for patients undergoing single-ventricle palliation. We performed a longitudinal follow-up of the original cohort of patients who underwent Glenn shunt.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of the original cohort of patients who underwent Glenn shunt at Yale between 1958 and 1988.

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in a Neonate With Transposition of Great Arteries and Intact Ventricular Septum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (IVS) has very favorable short- and long-term surgical outcome. Although rare, when associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH), it exhibits significant mortality risk and management challenges. We report the case of a neonate with TGA with IVS and PPH who underwent successful early surgical repair with emphasis on clinical management and review of the literature.

Canadian guidelines on pharmacotherapy for disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct disorder.

Objective: To develop evidence-based guidelines on pharmacotherapy for severe disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or conduct disorder (CD). The guidelines assume that psychosocial interventions have been pursued but did not achieve sufficient improvement.

Method: A multidisciplinary consensus group used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for rating evidence quality and for grading recommendations.