National, regional, and global burdens of disease from 2000 to 2016 attributable to alcohol use: a comparative risk assessment study.

Background: Alcohol use has increased globally, with varying trends in different parts of the world. This study investigates gender, age, and geographical differences in the alcohol-attributable burden of disease from 2000 to 2016.

Methods: This comparative risk assessment study estimated the alcohol-attributable burden of disease.

The global proportion and volume of unrecorded alcohol in 2015.

Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with elevated risks of disease and injury, and the best indicator of the level of consumption in a country is total alcohol (APC) consumption among adults which comprises recorded consumption and unrecorded consumption. While recorded consumption can be assessed with small measurement bias via taxation or other governmental records, unrecorded consumption is more difficult to assess. The objectives of this study were to estimate the country-specific proportion and volume of unrecorded APC in 2015, to identify main sources of unrecorded alcohol and to assess to what extent experts perceive unrecorded alcohol as a public health, social, and financial problem.

Global alcohol exposure between 1990 and 2017 and forecasts until 2030: a modelling study.

Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden, and data on alcohol exposure are crucial to evaluate progress in achieving global non-communicable disease goals. We present estimates on the main indicators of alcohol exposure for 189 countries from 1990-2017, with forecasts up to 2030.

Methods: Adult alcohol per-capita consumption (the consumption in L of pure alcohol per adult [≥15 years]) in a given year was based on country-validated data up to 2016.

National, regional and global mortality due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy in 2015.

Objectives: (1) A comprehensive mortality assessment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and (2) examination of under-reporting using vital statistics data.

Methods: A modelling study estimated sex-specific mortality rates for each country, which were subsequently aggregated by region and globally. Input data on ACM mortality were obtained from death registries for n=91 countries.

Unrecorded alcohol use: a global modelling study based on nominal group assessments and survey data.

Background And Aims: Alcohol use is among the most important risk factors for burden of disease globally. An estimated quarter of the total alcohol consumed globally is unrecorded. However, due partly to the challenges associated with its assessment, evidence concerning the magnitude of unrecorded alcohol use is sparse.

Quantifying the global contribution of alcohol consumption to cardiomyopathy.

Background: The global impact of alcohol consumption on deaths due to cardiomyopathy (CM) has not been quantified to date, even though CM contains a subcategory for alcoholic CM with an effect of heavy drinking over time as the postulated underlying causal mechanism. In this feasibility study, a model to estimate the alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) of CM deaths based on alcohol exposure measures is proposed.

Methods: A two-step model was developed based on aggregate-level data from 95 countries, including the most populous (data from 2013 or last available year).

Global alcohol exposure estimates by country, territory and region for 2005--a contribution to the Comparative Risk Assessment for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of life-time abstainers, former drinkers and current drinkers, adult per-capita consumption of alcohol and pattern of drinking scores, by country and Global Burden of Disease region for 2005, and to forecast these indicators for 2010.

Design: Statistical modelling based on survey data and routine statistics.

Setting And Participants: A total of 241 countries and territories.

Aboriginal community alcohol harm reduction policy (ACAHRP) project: a vision for the future.

Four First Nation communities in Ontario, Canada, formulated alcohol management policies between 1992 and 1994. An alcohol management policy is a local control option to manage alcohol use in recreation and leisure areas. Survey results indicate that decreases in alcohol use-related problems related to intoxication, nuisance behaviors, criminal activity, liquor license violations, and personal harm were perceived to have occurred.

Prevalence and factors related to Canadian workplace health programs.

Background: This study documented the prevalence and factors related to workplace health programs in Canada, including Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), drug testing programs, and Health Promotion Programs (HPPs).

Methods: A representative sample of 565 Human Resources Managers at worksites with 100 or more employees across Canada completed a questionnaire on the worksite characteristics and the types of programs at their workplace (response rate = 79.8%).

Injury risk associated with cannabis and cocaine use.

The purpose of this paper is to review the results and limitations of studies of injury risks associated with cannabis and cocaine use. Three types of fatal and non-fatal injuries are considered: injuries due to collisions, intentional injuries and injuries in general. Four types of studies were reviewed: (I) laboratory studies, (II) descriptive and analytic epidemiological studies on the prevalence of cannabis or cocaine use through drug testing of those injured, (III) studies of non-clinical samples, and (IV) studies of clinical samples of drug users.